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8,236 terms
Photonics Dictionary
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interstitial site
A position inside a crystal lattice that is not one of the proper lattice sites in the crystal. Impurity ions of the proper size can occupy such positions in an otherwise regular lattice.
intrabeam viewing
With respect to laser radiation, the subjection of the human eye to all or a portion of the laser beam.
intramodal distortion
That distortion resulting from dispersion of the group velocity of a propagating mode. It is the only distortion occurring in single-mode waveguides.
intraocular lens
A lens that is implanted within the eye to replace the eye lens, which has been removed because of cataract or other defect.
intravital microscopy
Intravital microscopy is an imaging technique used to visualize biological processes within living organisms, typically in real-time. Unlike traditional microscopy, which involves the examination of...
intrinsic detector
A photodetector composed of a photoconductive material that, when exposed to radiation, conducts without the aid of added impurities and does not have to be cooled to the level of extrinsic material....
intrinsic joint loss
Loss intrinsic to the fiber caused by parameter (core dimension, profile parameter) mismatches when two nonidentical fibers are joined.
intrinsic photoconductivity
The absorption of a photon raising an electron across the forbidden gap from valence to conduction band of the semiconductor where conductivity is increased and incident radiation may be measured.
intrinsic photoemission
The photoemission that would occur if a crystal were pure and its structure perfect.
invar
A material often used in the construction of optical instruments because of its low coefficient of thermal expansion (0.9 x 10-6/ °C).
inverse bremsstrahlung
Collisional absorption of energy that occurs in inertial confinement fusion systems when hydrodynamic expansion of the plasma causes an electron passing through the field of an ion to absorb...
inverse Compton effect
The interaction between a photon and an energetic electron, caused by collision, that transfers energy from the electron to the photon, thus raising the energy of the photon.
inverse photoelectric effect
The changing of the kinetic energy of a mobile electron into radiant energy, as in formation of x-rays.
inverse piezoelectric effect
The resulting contraction or expansion of a piezoelectric crystal along an electric axis when the crystal is under the influence of an electric field in the same direction.
inverse problem
Any problem that requires retrieval of the distribution of some internal properties, such as temperature concentration, etc., from remotely sensed data.
inverse square law
The law stating that the illuminance (or irradiance) from a point source varies as the inverse square of the distance between the source and the receiver.
inversion
See inverted image; population inversion.
inversion prism
->
reversion prism
A prism made of two elements cemented together that, depending on its orientation, inverts or reverts an image. It may be used in converging or diverging light. Sometimes referred to as a K prism.
inverted image
An image that is similar to the object but rotated 180° about the axis of the system.
inverted microscope
A microscope designed so that the specimen is located face down above the objective.
inverted telephoto lens
->
retrofocus lens
Also known as reversed telephoto lens. A lens consisting of an ordinary objective with a negative component near its front focal point. Thus, the back focus is large, relative to its focal length....
invisibility cloak
An invisibility cloak is technology that would render an object or individual invisible to the observer. In scientific research, efforts to create real-life invisibility cloaks have been...
invisible light filter
A filter that transmits infrared and ultraviolet but is opaque to visible radiation.
INVS
integrated night-vision system
IOC
integrated optical circuit
iodine cycle
A development aimed at extending the life of a tungsten filament. The iodine vapor in the lamp envelope combines with the tungsten vapor emitted by the hot filament, but the compound is decomposed by...
IOE
interfacing optical element
Ioffee bar
A fusion system conductor capable of carrying current in opposite directions in alternating time phases.
IOL
intraoccular lens
IOLC
integrated optical logic circuit
ion
An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons and, as a result, carries a negative or positive charge.
ion emission
The ejecting of ions from the surface of a material.
ion exchange technique
A method of fabricating a graded-index optical waveguide by means of an ion exchange process.
ion laser
A laser in which the transition involved in stimulated emission of radiation takes place between two levels of an ionized gas. The gases are electrically excited in a container called a plasma tube,...
ion pair
Two oppositely charged particles.
ion-assisted deposition
A technique for improving the structure density of thin-film coatings by bombarding the growing film with accelerated ions of oxygen and argon. The kinetic energy then dissipates in the film, causing...
ion-beam sputtering
Ion-beam sputtering (IBS) is a physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique used for depositing thin films onto substrates. It involves bombarding a target material with a beam of energetic ions,...
ionic focusing
Also known as gas focusing. The introduction of an inert gas into a cathode-ray tube for the concentration of the electron beam. The gas molecules are ionized by the electrons, producing a core of...
ionization chamber
A closed vessel with electrodes of different potentials that is used to determine how much ionization took place in a gas after its exposure to x-rays or radioactive emissions.
ionization gauge
A type of radiation detector that depends on the ionization produced in a gas by the passage of a charged particle through it. One of the best known is the Geiger-Müller counter, although cloud...
ionization potential
The amount of energy required for a particular kind of atom to remove an electron to infinite distance. The ionization potential is usually expressed in volts.
ionization spectrometer
Also known as the Bragg spectrometer. A system used for the x-ray analysis of crystal structure. In the instrument, a homogeneous beam of x-rays is directed on the known face of a crystal and the...
ionizing radiation
Generally, any radiation that can form ions, either directly or indirectly, while traveling through a substance.
ionography
An electroradiographic process that uses ionization of air by x-rays as a basis for forming electrostatic images.
ionosphere
The gas of charged particles that begins approximately 50 km above the surface of the Earth and contains a sufficient quantity of electrons and ions to affect the propagation of radio waves.
IP
indium phosphide
IPD
image photocounting distribution; interpupillary distance
IPP
imaging photopolarimeter
IRAMS
infrared automatic mass screening
IRAS
infrared astronomy satellite
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Photonics Dictionary
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