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PI Physik Instrumente - Array Alignment ROS MR 8/24

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Photonics Dictionary

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photoelastic constant

A formulaic description of the linear change of the reciprocal optical dielectric tensor with either stress or strain.

Photoelastic equipment and supplies

Photoelastic equipment and supplies refer to instruments and materials used in photoelasticity, a technique used to analyze stress distribution and behavior in materials. photoelastic equipment...

photoelastic

In optics, the double refraction that is produced when stress is applied to a transparent material. Plastics, which are especially photoelastic, can be formed into models of structures that are...

photoelasticity

The process of determining, with the aid of plane-polarized light, the stress distribution in materials under complex systems of loading.

photoelectric absorption

The transformation of incident radiant energy into a photoelectric emission current.

photoelectric colorimeter

A system having a photoelectric detector for the measurement of three quantities related by linear combination to tristimulus values of a sample.

photoelectric constant

The constant that, multiplied by the frequency of the radiation-producing emission of photoelectrons, determines the amount of voltage each photoelectron absorbs.

photoelectric control

The control of an instrument or electrical circuit by the current produced by varying radiation incident to a photoelectric cell.

photoelectric counter

A device used to count objects that pass a given point by allowing each object to obstruct a beam of light falling on a photocell. Slow counting rates can be recorded by a mechanical counter, but...

photoelectric effect

The emission of an electron from a surface that occurs when a photon impinges upon the surface and is absorbed. This effect is the means by which photons may be detected.

photoelectric emission

The electron emission from a substance or instrument whose surface has been bombarded by a suitable amount of radiation.

photoelectric exposure meter

A device consisting of a microammeter, a photovoltaic cell and a battery. It is used for the measurement of scene brightness and the determination of correct exposure for photographic processes.

photoelectric multiplier

A phototube in which the primary photoemission current, before being extracted at the anode, is multiplied many times.

photoelectric photometry

The use of photoelectric sensors to detect and measure the intensity of a light source. This application, as compared to human observation, results in higher speeds of operation, a greater...

photoelectric scanner

A system mounted a few inches above a moving plane that consists of a light source, lenses and one or more phototubes. In this position, the scanner actuates the control equipment when the quantity...

photoelectric tube -> phototube

An electron tube having a photocathode for the emission of a photoelectric current.

photoelectromagnetic effect

Interaction of a magnetic field with a photoconductive substance exposed to light to create a potential difference.

photoelectromotive force

The force that stimulates the emission of an electrical current when photovoltaic action creates a potential difference between two points.

photoelectron holography

A technique proposed for studying the atomic structure of crystals by measuring the interference pattern generated when the crystal is illuminated by a burst of finely tuned x-rays. The resulting...

photoelectron microscopy

Surface analysis by means of photon induced electron emission. PEM methods provide high lateral resolution of the observed sample.For surface material sciences PEM allows the investigation of...

photoemission -> photoelectric emission

The electron emission from a substance or instrument whose surface has been bombarded by a suitable amount of radiation.

photoemissive effect -> photoelectric effect

The emission of an electron from a surface that occurs when a photon impinges upon the surface and is absorbed. This effect is the means by which photons may be detected.

photoemulsion

In photolithography, an opaque material used in masks that has a lower optical density and grainier composition than chrome.

photofabrication

The use of photoetching techniques to produce small tools, parts and dies from sheet metal.

photogrammetry

Photogrammetry is a technique used to obtain accurate three-dimensional measurements of objects and environments through the analysis of photographs or imagery. It involves extracting information...

photographic dosimetry

The use of photographic emulsions to detect and determine the amounts of ionizing radiation, such as x-rays and gamma rays, in an area. This is accomplished by exposing the emulsion to the radiation...

photographic field

The maximum angle of view that can be recorded by a camera. Field is a function of lens focal length and film format.

photographic resolution

A measure of the ability of a photographic system to record fine detail. Usually stated in terms of cycles per millimeter on the processed film.

photographic sensitometer -> sensitometer

An instrument for determining the sensitivity of a photographic film to light. The film is given either a stepped exposure or a continuously varied exposure; after processing, the density is measured...

photographic sensitometry

The measurement of the responsivity of photographic media and of the relations between exposure and density of developed images.

photographic thermometry

The photographic recording of the heat radiation emitted from various points on the object as corresponding density variations on fast infrared film.

photoimmunotherapy

Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is a medical treatment approach that combines elements of phototherapy and immunotherapy to target and treat specific cells or tissues in the body. The key components of this...

photoionization

The ionization that occurs in gas affected by the action of radiation quanta.

photoisolator -> optoisolator

An optical coupling device that uses light to bridge the gap between incompatible wire communications systems. It contains an input amplifier, a light-emitting diode, a photodiode and an output...

photolithography

Photolithography is a key process in the manufacturing of semiconductor devices, integrated circuits, and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). It is a photomechanical process used to transfer...

photoluminescence mapping

A technique used for noncontact inspection of semiconductor wafers. The material is illuminated by an excitation source that stimulates photoluminescence; the resulting spectrum is analyzed, yielding...

photoluminescence

Photoluminescence is a phenomenon in which a material absorbs photons (light) at one wavelength and then re-emits photons at a longer wavelength. This process occurs when electrons in the material...

photolysis

The photochemical reaction of light present in the decomposition of a substance.

photomacrography -> macrophotography

the photography of very close, and typically small objects with a magnification of approximately 1:1

photomask

A photomask, also known simply as a mask or reticle, is a key component in the photolithography process used in semiconductor manufacturing and other areas of microfabrication. It is a high-precision...

photometric equipment

Photocells of various kinds used to measure photometric quantities; i.e., intensity, luminance and illuminance. Meter readings are used to express illuminance and, by calibration, to measure...

photometric filter -> color conversion filter

A filter that serves to alter the color temperature and the mired value of the radiation emitted by a source.

photometric sphere -> integrating sphere

A hollow sphere coated internally with a white diffusing material and provided with openings for incident beam, specimen and detector used for measuring the diffuse reflectance or transmittance of...

photometry

Photometry is the branch of science that deals with the measurement of light, particularly in terms of its intensity and the way the human eye perceives it. It involves the quantification of visible...

photomicrograph

A photomicrograph is an image taken through a microscope, typically using a camera attached to the microscope's eyepiece or an integrated digital imaging system. It captures the magnified view of...

photomicrographic camera

A still or motion-picture camera designed to photograph through a microscope. Photomicrographic equipment usually contains a beamsplitter or other means for simultaneously viewing, orienting and...

photomultiplier tube

A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is a highly sensitive vacuum tube that detects and amplifies low levels of light. It is widely used in various applications where high sensitivity, fast response times,...

photon

A quantum of electromagnetic energy of a single mode; i.e., a single wavelength, direction and polarization. As a unit of energy, each photon equals hn, h being Planck's constant and n, the frequency...

photon burst detection of fluorescence

A type of laser spectroscopy used to measure short-lived isotopes by observing sudden bursts of fluorescence resulting from repetitive excitation of an atom or molecule.

photon correlation spectroscopy

Spectroscopy used to study the concentration, diffusion and Brownian motion of small particles suspended in a fluid by measuring dynamic fluctuations of light that is scattered or fluoresced by the...

Photonics Dictionary

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