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8,289 terms
Photonics Dictionary
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ns x
glass laser
An optically pumped solid-state laser in which the active medium is a neodymium ion in a glass rod host. Abbreviated Nd:glass.
glass marking ink
Ink used for writing on glass, and also for blackening the edges of lenses to prevent reflection. In the latter case, the refractive index of the ink must closely match that of the glass.
glass spectrograph
A spectrograph having glass as its refracting component and used in cases where speed and high dispersion are not required. The glass material has a range of about 3700 to 8000 Å.
glass-ceramic
A type of glass used in telescope mirrors, formed by adding a nucleating agent to standard glass and then heating it until it crystallizes.
glass-melting furnace
A furnace used to heat glass materials. It may be a small laboratory-type furnace for small-scale experiments or large enough to hold gas-fired tanks for the commercial mass production of glass....
glazing
The process whereby a spectacle lens is placed in a frame.
glide plane
The plane shared by the pair of axes in a twin crystal.
glitter
The specular reflection of individual parts of a surface.
global optimization
A controlled random search process, such as generalized simulated annealing, that has been incorporated into many optical design programs as a way of helping designers find the most suitable lens...
global radiation
The total radiation, both solar and diffuse sky, that is incident to a unit's horizontal surface.
globar
A light source made up of silicon carbide or carborundum. It is resistant to the negative temperature coefficient and mechanical distortion.
globulite
A crystal of microscopic size having no definite plane faces and having a globular shape. At the time the crystal is formed, the strong surface tension influences the formation of the plane faces.
gloss
Property of a surface which, because of directional reflection, is responsible for the degree to which reflected highlights or the images of objects may be seen as superimposed on the surface.
glossmeter
A photometer for measuring gloss by comparing the specular reflectance to that from a perfect specular reflector.
glow discharge
An electric discharge in a low-pressure gas having a low-current density and a space potential near the cathode that is much higher than the ionization potential of the gas but less than its sparking...
glow lamp
A lamp in which the ionization of the inert gas contained in it produces a glow in the space close to the negative electrode.
GMT
Greenwich Mean Time
GMTF
geometric modulation transfer function
GOES
geostationary operational environmental satellite
GOI
gate oxide integrity
Golay cell
A thermal radiation detector consisting of a small cell with a blackened plastic front face that bulges slightly when heat is received by it. The bulging tilts a small mirror, which, in turn, varies...
gold colloid aggregates
Gold colloid aggregates refer to clusters or assemblies of gold nanoparticles suspended in a liquid medium. These aggregates are formed when individual gold nanoparticles come together due to various...
gold vapor laser
->
metal vapor laser
Devices in which the lasing medium is a vapor of metal atoms or ions, sometimes mixed with another gas. Metal vapor lasers use a variety of metal types to generate a variety of laser lines for...
Goldberg wedge
A neutral-colored gelatin wedge, cast between glass plates, that is used as an intensity scale in certain types of sensitometers; the greater the thickness of the wedge through which light emitted by...
Golgi Staining Technique
The Golgi staining technique (also called the black reaction) makes it possible to look at the nervous system by rendering neurons visible under light microscopy. After a long process involving...
GOME
global ozone-monitoring experiment
goniometer
A spectrometer or autocollimator used to measure prism angles.
goniometer eyepiece
An eyepiece having a rotating index or cross wire linked to an external 360° scale to allow measuring of angles in an image.
goniophotometer
A device used to measure directional reflectance, with light collection restricted to a narrow range of angles of which the central angle varies.
goniophotometric curve
The graphed curve illustrating the directional reflectance of a sample for different angles of collection.
Gordon-Haus effect
Temporal jitter at a signal's receiver when amplified noise causes frequency shifts, as with a soliton traveling through an erbium-doped fiber amplifier.
GORID
ground optical recorder for intercept determination
GOSIP
government open systems interconnection profile
GPC
graphics performance characterization
GPIB
general-purpose interface bus
GPON
Gigabit passive optical network
GPS
global positioning system
graded index
Descriptive of an optical fiber having a core refractive index that decreases almost parabolically and radially outward toward the cladding. This type of fiber combines high bandwidth with moderately...
graded reflectivity mirror
A mirror whose percent reflectance varies as a function of position on the mirror surface.
gradient
In image processing and machine vision, the rate of change of pixel intensity.
gradient edge enhancement
Edge enhancement with a directional characteristic.
gradient vector
In an image, the orientation and magnitude of the rate of change in intensity at any point.
gradient-index profile
The term gradient-index profile refers to a specific type of refractive index distribution within an optical material. In optics, the refractive index of a material describes how much the speed of...
graduated refractive index
->
graded index
Descriptive of an optical fiber having a core refractive index that decreases almost parabolically and radially outward toward the cladding. This type of fiber combines high bandwidth with moderately...
grain boundary
In a multicrystalline material, the meeting point between crystallites.
grain isolating diaphragm
In a microscope, the diaphragm located between the Bertrand lens and the eyepiece, which is closed during conoscopic viewing to restrict the interference figures to that of a crystal lying on the...
gram negative
Gram-negative bacteria are a group of bacteria that possess a cell envelope composed of a thin layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by an outer membrane. This outer membrane contains lipopolysaccharides...
gram positive
Gram-positive bacteria are a group of bacteria that have a thick cell wall composed primarily of a substance called peptidoglycan. This thick peptidoglycan layer retains a stain called crystal violet...
gram
Unit of mass in the SI system.
graphecon
An electron tube having two electron guns, one on each side of the storage medium, to encode the information onto the medium, and to read and simultaneously erase the electrostatic encoding.
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Photonics Dictionary
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