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8,236 terms
Photonics Dictionary
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IDDS
integrated double differentiated sampling
ideal crystal
A crystal that is devoid of any mosaic structure and that can reflect x-rays, relative to the Darwin-Ewald-Prins law.
ideal filter
Any filter in which the range of frequencies within a chosen radius suffers no attenuation and the range of frequencies outside the radius is entirely attenuated.
ideal polarization rotator
A theoretical instrument conceived of as a box that receives a beam of radiation of any arbitrary polarization angle and produces a new beam, coaxial with the incident beam, having a specified new...
ideal radiator
->
blackbody
An ideal body that completely absorbs all radiant energy striking it and, therefore, appears perfectly black at all wavelengths. The radiation emitted by such a body when heated is referred to as...
IDEMA
International Disk Drive Equipment and Materials Association
identification friend or foe system
A system that transmits and receives identification codes to facilitate the discrimination between enemy and friend in a tactical situation.
idiochromatic
Pertaining to the possession of photoelectric characteristics as a result of the properties of the true crystal and not of foreign materials.
IEC
International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IES
Illuminating Engineering Society
IFF
identification friend or foe
IFOG
interferometric fiber optic gyroscope
IFOV
instantaneous field of view
IGES
Initial Graphic Exchange Specification
IGOR
intercept ground optical recorder
IHC
immunohistochemistry
IIE
Institute of Industrial Engineers
III-V material
In semiconductor physics and materials science, the term "III-V materials" refers to compounds composed of elements from group III and group V of the periodic table. More specifically, these...
IL
insertion loss
ILAN
industrial local area network
ILD
injection laser diode
ILDA
International Laser Display Association
illuminance
Luminous flux incident per unit area of a surface; luminous incidence. (The use of the term "illumination" for this quantity conflicts with its more general meaning.)
illuminant
Source of radiation defined or specified by its spectral power distribution.
illuminant metamerism
Metamerism that occurs when the light source is changed.
illuminated
Characteristic of a surface or object that has luminous flux incident upon it.
illuminated magnifier
A magnifying lens fitted with a battery-operated lamp by which an object can be conveniently illuminated during observation.
illuminated table
A desklike apparatus with an opal glass surface illuminated from beneath by fluorescent tubes. It is equipped with roll holders for aerial films and a low-power microscope or some form of...
illumination
The general term for the application of light to a subject. It should not be used in place of the specific quantity illuminance.
illumination distribution
Generally, the orientation of rays of light striking a surface.
illuminometer
A photometric instrument used to measure the illumination falling on a surface. It may be photoelectric or visual.
IM
intensity modulation
image
In optics, an image is the reconstruction of light rays from a source or object when light from that source or object is passed through a system of optics and onto an image forming plane. Light rays...
image amplifier
An electro-optic system using, in general form, an evacuated glass envelope with a semitransparent photocathode at one end and a luminescent screen at the other for the amplification of an optical...
image brightness
The apparent luminance of the image as seen through an optical system. This brightness of the image is determined by the brightness of the object, as well as the transmittance and etendue - or light...
image centroid
Often referred to as the geometric center of a given image or image plane, the centroid of an image is a fixed point located at the intersection of all of the hyperplanes of symmetry within that...
image comparison
A method used in imaging to detect subtle differences between two apparently similar pictures. It can be achieved by superimposing the negative of one photograph over a contact print of another, by...
image compression
->
data compression
A method of storing digital data using techniques that consume less memory space than basic methods do. See differential pulse code modulation; run end coding; run length coding.
image conjugate
->
image distance
The distance from the last surface of a lens system to the image. For a thin lens system, this distance is equivalent to the distance from the rear nodal point of a lens to the image.
image contrast
Also referred to as image visibility, the contrast of an image is the variation in the intensity of an image formed by an optical system, where the image pixels are defined on a gray scale scheme of...
image converter
An electron tube that employs electromagnetic radiation to produce a visual replica of an image produced on its cathode. Electrons ejected from the cathode by the incident radiation are accelerated...
image converter high-speed camera
A camera that uses an image converter tube in such a way that voltage waveforms applied to internal electrodes cause the original image to be switched on and off very rapidly, thus offering time...
image correlation
A machine vision technique that compares a template of the desired image (the correlation kernel) with the actual camera image of an object and generates a new image (the correlation image) that...
image definition area
In computer graphics, the coordinated two-dimensional or three-dimensional area of increased resolution where graphics entities may be defined. The screen represents a viewing window for this area,...
image dissector tube
An electron tube that is used as a camera tube for a television system. When the picture to be transmitted is focused on a photosensitive surface, electrons are emitted from each section of the...
image distance
The distance from the last surface of a lens system to the image. For a thin lens system, this distance is equivalent to the distance from the rear nodal point of a lens to the image.
image enhancement
The digitization process by which an image is manipulated to increase the amount of information perceivable by the human eye.
image enhancement laser
A semiconductor platelet laser that emits a coherent image by means of plane optical pumping over the platelet surface, and that uses laser threshold characteristics to produce a pronounced threshold...
image enhancing equipment
Complex devices, often involving a computer, in which a photograph is scanned by a point of light, the amplitude of the electrical signal being modified electronically before being recorded on...
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Photonics Dictionary
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