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6,181 terms

Photonics Dictionary

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immersion objective -> oil-immersion objective

A form of high-power microscope objective where the space between the object and the first element is filled with an oil having the same index as that element. This form reduces losses, increases the...

immersion oil

An oil required by oil-immersion objectives that is applied between the exterior of the objective lens and a cover glass or appropriate specimen.

immunofluorescence

The technique that uses light to detect and analyze the antibodies produced by a specimen stained with an organic dye.

immunohistochemistry

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a method for detecting antigens or haptens in cells of a tissue section by using labeled antibodies to bind specifically to their antigens. IHC is used for disease...

impact fluorescence

Fluorescence formed when atoms of one element collide with excited atoms of another.

impedance

Qualitatively, the inverse of the amount of velocity produced by the application of a sinusoidal force to a system; therefore, if velocity is high, impedance at that point is low. Quantitatively,...

impurity ion

An alien, electrically charged atomic system in a solid; an ion substituted for the constituent atom or ion in a crystal lattice, or located in an interstitial site in the crystal.

impurity level

In the context of optical materials, the term "impurity level" refers to the presence of foreign atoms or molecules within the material that deviate from its regular or intrinsic composition. These...

in phase

That state determining that two waves of like frequency will travel through their maximum and minimum values of the same polarity simultaneously.

in vitro

In vitro is a Latin term that translates to "in glass." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and medicine, it refers to experiments or procedures conducted outside of a living organism,...

in vivo

In vivo is a Latin term that translates to "within the living." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and medicine, it refers to experiments or observations conducted within a living...

in-line holography

The formation of a hologram by single reference-beam interferences with waves that are diffracted or scattered from a small object.

incandescence

The emission of light by thermal radiation of a temperature high enough to render the source of radiation visible.

incandescent lamp

A lamp that emits light when an electric current passes through a resistant metallic wire situated in a vacuum tube.

inclusion

The presence, within the body of the glass, of extraneous or alien material. See seed; striae.

incoherent

In optics, the term denoting the lack of a fixed phase relationship between two waves. If two incoherent waves are superimposed, interference effects cannot last longer than the individual coherent...

incoherent bundle

A bundle of filaments of optical glass or other transparent materials that transmit only light, not optical images. The arrangement of the individual fibers in the bundle is not sufficiently regular...

indent

A flaw deliberately introduced into an optical fiber to prepare it for cleaving.

index dip

The decrease in the refractive index at the center of a fiber's core, caused by certain fabrication techniques. Also called profile dip.

index liquid -> refractive index liquids

A closely spaced series of well-known chemicals having a refractive index lying between 1.33 for water and 1.95 for a solution of phosphorus in carbon disulfide. They are used to identify powdered...

index of refraction

The ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to the velocity of light in a refractive material for a given wavelength.

indexing table

Generally, a rotatable table with scales marked in degrees. The fiducial marking also may be a vernier scale. The same scheme is applied to linear movement. Such devices are often applied to...

indium

Metal used in components of the crystalline semiconductor alloys indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs), indium gallium arsenide phosphide (InGaAsP), and the binary semiconductor indium phosphide (InP)....

indium antimonide

A semiconductor material that is used as an infrared detector for light up to 5 µm in wavelength.

indium gallium arsenide camera

An InGaAs (indium gallium arsenide) camera is a type of imaging device that utilizes InGaAs sensors to capture images in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum. InGaAs is a semiconductor material that is...

indium tin oxide

A material widely used as a transparent conductive coating.

inductance

Inductance is a fundamental property of an electrical circuit or component that describes its ability to store energy in a magnetic field when an electric current flows through it. It is typically...

induction linear accelerator

A device used to accelerate the electrons in a free-electron laser by supplying electrical energy to the electron beam through a series of transformers.

inertial confinement fusion

Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is a method of achieving nuclear fusion, a process where two atomic nuclei combine to release energy. In the case of inertial confinement fusion, the fusion reaction...

inertial fusion energy

Inertial fusion energy (IFE) refers to a proposed method of generating electricity by harnessing the energy released from the fusion of light atomic nuclei, typically isotopes of hydrogen, through a...

inferior mirage

A mirage that consists of an image of an object appearing below its true position as the result of abnormal refraction by the atmosphere between the object and the viewer. It is the opposite of a...

infinity

An unbounded quantity, an indefinitely large number. Infinity is commonly expressed by the symbol ∞.

infinity space

In a microscope, a space reserved to accommodate an optical filter or polarizer.

infrared absorption

Infrared radiation absorbed by crystals as a result of the excitation of lattice vibrations in which ions having opposite charges move relative to one another. These vibrations take place in a narrow...

infrared astronomy

The study and the interpretation of the infrared emittances of celestial bodies and phenomena.

infrared automatic mass screening

A thermal infrared imaging procedure developed for quality control of printed circuit boards. The thermogram of each board under test is compared with a standard thermal profile and then with a...

infrared beacon

An infrared source, set in a stationary position, that is used as a reference in certain navigational systems.

infrared camera

An infrared camera, also known as a thermal imaging camera or IR camera, is a device that captures and visualizes the infrared radiation emitted by objects, revealing temperature variations across...

infrared image tube

An image converter that produces a visible image based on the infrared emittance of the object. The infrared energy is focused on a photocathode that emits electrons. These are accelerated and...

infrared instrument

Any of the photoelectric and thermal detectors, spectrographs and monochromators, thermographs, scanners, amplifier tubes, snooperscopes and related equipment developed for use with infrared...

infrared jamming

A countermeasure used against heat seeking missiles to reduce their effectiveness. Normally it involves the emittance of infrared radiation at a level that will overload the missiles' detectors.

infrared lens

An infrared lens is an optical component specifically designed and optimized for transmitting, focusing, or manipulating infrared (IR) radiation within the infrared spectrum. These lenses are used in...

infrared light source

An infrared light source is a device that emits light in the infrared spectrum, which lies beyond the visible spectrum of light. Infrared light has longer wavelengths than visible light and is...

infrared light-emitting diode

An infrared light-emitting diode (IR LED) is a semiconductor device that emits infrared light when an electric current passes through it. Similar to standard LEDs that emit visible light, IR LEDs are...

infrared mapping

The process of mapping the infrared emittance of an area through the use of an infrared detector and related scanning instrumentation to produce thermal images that are then recorded on photographic...

infrared microscope

A type of microscope that uses radiation in the infrared region to illuminate objects that are opaque to visible radiation. The microscope consists of two illumination systems (transmitted and...

infrared optic

Infrared optics refer to optical components and systems designed to manipulate and control infrared (IR) light, which lies beyond the visible spectrum. These components are crucial for various...

infrared phosphor

A phosphor, such as sulfide or selenide, that can be excited to luminescence by incident infrared radiation simultaneous to or following its excitation by visible radiant energy.

infrared photoconductor

A photoconductor that demonstrates increased conductivity during its exposure to infrared radiation.

infrared photography

The photographic recording of images on a medium sensitive to infrared radiation, using a source capable of emitting in the infrared and a filter that transmits only infrared radiation.

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