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5,268 terms
Photonics Dictionary
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Hypalon
E.I. duPont's trade name for a material used in the jacket of fiber optic cables. It is flame-retardant, thermally stable and resistant to oxidation, ozone and radiation.
hypercentric lens
A hypercentric lens refers to a lens system where the chief rays of light from an object are directed through the center of the lens aperture, ensuring that the entrance pupil is situated at...
hyperchromic shift
Hyperchromic shift refers to an increase in the absorption of light, leading to a higher absorbance, often observed in certain chemical or biological substances upon undergoing a structural change....
hyperfine splitting
The splitting of an element's spectral line as the result of the interactions between the electron spin and the spins of adjacent magnetic nuclei, or the presence of several isotopes in the sample...
hyperopia
A vision defect commonly referred to as farsightedness. Results when the image of a distant object is focused beyond the retina by the relaxed eye. The condition can be corrected by introducing a...
hyperplane eyepiece
An eyepiece similar to the Huygenian eyepiece, but having an eye lens that is a cemented doublet and that provides more lateral color correction.
hypersensitizing
With respect to photography, the process used to increase the effective speed of an emulsion between manufacture and exposure.
hyperspectral imaging
Hyperspectral imaging is an advanced imaging technique that captures and processes information from across the electromagnetic spectrum. Unlike traditional imaging systems that record only a few...
hyperspectral imaging camera
A hyperspectral imaging camera is a sophisticated imaging device capable of capturing and processing data across a wide range of wavelengths within the electromagnetic spectrum, typically from...
hyperspectral resolution
Hyperspectral resolution refers to the level of detail or granularity in the spectral information captured by a hyperspectral imaging system. In hyperspectral imaging, the electromagnetic spectrum is...
hysteresis
This term literally means "to lag behind.'' It is quite often used to describe the residual effect that remains after the primary effect has been removed, or the lag that exists between the...
IAD
ion-assisted deposition
IBAD
ion-beam-assisted deposition
IBC
integrated broadband communications
IBE
inert ion-beam etching
IBS
ion-beam sputtering
ICC
International Color Consortium
ICF
inertial confinement fusion
ICO
International Commission for Optics
ICP
induction-coupled plasma
ideal filter
Any filter in which the range of frequencies within a chosen radius suffers no attenuation and the range of frequencies outside the radius is entirely attenuated.
ideal polarization rotator
A theoretical instrument conceived of as a box that receives a beam of radiation of any arbitrary polarization angle and produces a new beam, coaxial with the incident beam, having a specified new...
ideal radiator
->
blackbody
An ideal body that completely absorbs all radiant energy striking it and, therefore, appears perfectly black at all wavelengths. The radiation emitted by such a body when heated is referred to as...
IDEMA
International Disk Drive Equipment and Materials Association
identification friend or foe system
A system that transmits and receives identification codes to facilitate the discrimination between enemy and friend in a tactical situation.
idiochromatic
Pertaining to the possession of photoelectric characteristics as a result of the properties of the true crystal and not of foreign materials.
IEC
International Electrotechnical Commission
IFF
identification friend or foe
IGES
Initial Graphic Exchange Specification
III-V material
In semiconductor physics and materials science, the term "III-V materials" refers to compounds composed of elements from group III and group V of the periodic table. More specifically, these...
IL
insertion loss
ILD
injection laser diode
ILDA
International Laser Display Association
illuminance
Luminous flux incident per unit area of a surface; luminous incidence. (The use of the term "illumination" for this quantity conflicts with its more general meaning.)
illuminant
Source of radiation defined or specified by its spectral power distribution.
illuminated magnifier
A magnifying lens fitted with a battery-operated lamp by which an object can be conveniently illuminated during observation.
illumination
The general term for the application of light to a subject. It should not be used in place of the specific quantity illuminance.
illumination distribution
Generally, the orientation of rays of light striking a surface.
illuminometer
A photometric instrument used to measure the illumination falling on a surface. It may be photoelectric or visual.
IM
intensity modulation
image
In optics, an image is the reconstruction of light rays from a source or object when light from that source or object is passed through a system of optics and onto an image forming plane. Light rays...
image amplifier
An electro-optic system using, in general form, an evacuated glass envelope with a semitransparent photocathode at one end and a luminescent screen at the other for the amplification of an optical...
image centroid
Often referred to as the geometric center of a given image or image plane, the centroid of an image is a fixed point located at the intersection of all of the hyperplanes of symmetry within that...
image compression
->
data compression
A method of storing digital data using techniques that consume less memory space than basic methods do. See differential pulse code modulation; run end coding; run length coding.
image contrast
Also referred to as image visibility, the contrast of an image is the variation in the intensity of an image formed by an optical system, where the image pixels are defined on a gray scale scheme of...
image converter
An electron tube that employs electromagnetic radiation to produce a visual replica of an image produced on its cathode. Electrons ejected from the cathode by the incident radiation are accelerated...
image converter high-speed camera
A camera that uses an image converter tube in such a way that voltage waveforms applied to internal electrodes cause the original image to be switched on and off very rapidly, thus offering time...
image correlation
A machine vision technique that compares a template of the desired image (the correlation kernel) with the actual camera image of an object and generates a new image (the correlation image) that...
image definition area
In computer graphics, the coordinated two-dimensional or three-dimensional area of increased resolution where graphics entities may be defined. The screen represents a viewing window for this area,...
image dissector tube
An electron tube that is used as a camera tube for a television system. When the picture to be transmitted is focused on a photosensitive surface, electrons are emitted from each section of the...
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Photonics Dictionary
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