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Photonics Dictionary
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holographic crystal growth analysis
The study of crystal growth from the molten stage utilizing a holographic system wherein interferometric techniques record detailed and measurable elements of crystal microstructure. In this way, the...
holographic grating
A holographic grating is a type of diffraction grating that is produced using holographic recording techniques. It consists of a periodic structure of alternating transparent and opaque regions,...
holographic interferogram
The three-dimensional interference pattern of fringes that is recorded on a holographic plate to facilitate the study of a complex object.
holographic interferometry
The interferometric analysis of a complex object by utilizing the three-dimensional hologram. By causing a laser beam to diverge into two directions, one of which directly strikes a holographic...
holographic lens
A photographic recording of interference patterns between a plane wave and a spherical wave on a high-resolution photographic emulsion.
holographic memory
The storage of data as bits in memory by holographic processes. The laser beam is divided into reference and object beams, and bit information is stored as a hologram.
holographic microscopy
The holographic recording of a microscopic specimen whereby magnification is achieved by alteration in a wavelength or radius of curvature between recording and reconstruction of the wavefront. With...
holographic nondestructive testing
The application of coherent wavefront techniques to the determination of the physical state of a system without appreciably altering that state.
holographic optical element
A component used to modify light rays by diffraction; the HOE is produced by recording the interference pattern of two laser beams and can be used in place of lenses or prisms where diffraction...
holographic particle velocimetry
A method of measuring flow velocity by seeding the flow with neutrally buoyant particles and using a pulsed laser to holographically record particle displacement during a short time period. An...
holographic tomography
Holographic tomography is an advanced imaging technique that combines holography and tomography to provide three-dimensional reconstructions of transparent or weakly scattering objects with high...
holography
Holography is a technique used to capture and reconstruct three-dimensional images using the principles of interference and diffraction of light. Unlike conventional photography, which records only...
hololens
A series of permanent holograms in dichromated gelatin formed by opening total page-composer apertures and setting a point source of light in each storage location. It performs much like a...
homeotropic orientation
The perpendicular orientation of the molecular axes of the nematic molecules in a nematic crystal, relative to the electrode plates.
homing guidance system
A system of sensors and related instrumentation that allows a navigable object (usually a missile) to locate its destination by some distinguishing characteristics of that target, and then calculate...
homogeneous
That property of a substance that determines that all components of volume are the same in composition and optical properties.
homogeneous broadening
The broadening of a laser's line width in a way that affects every atom (or molecule), and thus the whole system, in the same manner. Examples are collision broadening, and natural or intrinsic...
homogeneous cladding
That part of the cladding wherein the refractive index is constant within a specified tolerance, as a function of radius.
homogeneous multilayer coating
A thin film of absorbing or nonabsorbing layers in which the absorption of radiation at any point is directly proportional to the electrical field intensity at that point.
homogeneous orientation
The parallel orientation of the molecular axes of the nematic molecules in a nematic crystal, relative to the electrode plates.
homogenous light
Homogeneous light refers to light that is uniform in intensity and color across a given area or space. In other words, homogeneous light sources produce illumination that is consistent and evenly...
homojunction
A junction between semiconductors that differ in their doping level conductivities but not in their atomic or alloy compositions.
horizontal blanking interval
In television, the period during which the electron beam is cut off while the raster returns from the right-hand side of the screen to the left.
horizontal drive control
A device that controls the output of a television receiver's horizontal oscillator.
horizontal resolution
In television, the number of individual pixels that can be distinguished in a horizontal scanning line; also called horizontal definition.
horizontal temperature gradients
Horizontal concentrations that comprise the dominant factor in atmospheric gradient correction. The range bias near due north and due south azimuths coincides with the systematic decrease in surface...
horizontal travel
The rotation of an instrument (or the line of sight of an optical system) in a horizontal plane; transverse.
horopter
The locus of the points in the field of binocular vision that are observed singly. The images of these points correspond to the respective retinal points.
hot extrusion
A method of manufacturing polycrystalline infrared-transmitting optical fiber by heating a single halide crystal billet and forcing it through a die.
hot mirror
A mirror with a coating that reflects infrared radiation and transmits visible light.
HR
high resolution
HRI
high-resolution imaging
HRIR
high-resolution infrared radiometer
HRPT
high-resolution picture transmission
HRV
high-resolution visible
Hubble effect
->
redshift
The displacement of spectrum lines, as determined by the increasing distance between, and the relative velocity of, the observer and a light source, causing the lines to move toward the red portion...
Huefner spectrophotometer
A visual spectrophotometer with a rhomb located directly before the entrance aperture of a constant-deviation spectrophotometer.
Hurter-Driffield curve
A plotted relation between Log E (logarithm to base 10 of exposure in metercandle seconds) and density (logarithm to base 10 of opacity).
Huygenian eyepiece
An ocular having two planoconvex lenses that are formed from similar glass and that are separated by a space equal to half the sum of their focal lengths. This eyepiece is free of lateral chromatic...
Huygens principle
An analysis used for problems of wave propagation. The principle notes that each point of an advancing wavefront is the center of a new disturbance, the source of a new series of waves. It also notes...
hybrid cooler
A cryogenic cooler device that is an intermittent Joule-Thomson refrigerator with a passive radiator serving as the precooler. Used for satellite applications, the device has Joule-Thomson and gas...
hybrid electromagnetic wave
A wave in the electromagnetic spectrum that has both electrical and magnetic field vectors in the direction of propagation.
hybrid mode
A mode possessing components of both electrical and magnetic field vectors in the direction of propagation.
hybrid mosaic on stacked silicon
A sensor module used in advanced pattern recognition systems, containing signal-processing integrated circuits stacked and connected by a busing circuit.
hydrogel
A hydrogel is a three-dimensional network of polymer chains that are hydrophilic, meaning they have a strong affinity for water. This network structure allows hydrogels to absorb and retain large...
hydrogenated amorphous silicon
A photoreceptor material used in solar cells and in drums for laser printers and high-speed copiers because of its high quantum efficiency over a wide spectral band, high data-rate capability and...
hydrophilic
Hydrophilic is a term used to describe substances or materials that have an affinity for water. The word hydrophilic comes from the Greek words "hydro," meaning water, and "philos," meaning loving or...
hydrophobic
Hydrophobic is a term used to describe substances or materials that repel or do not readily interact with water. The word hydrophobic comes from the Greek words "hydro," meaning water, and "phobos,"...
hydroxyl ion absorption
An optical fiber's absorption of electromagnetic waves due to hydroxyl ions remaining after contact with water.
hygroscopic
In fiber optics, a material whose properties, usually of transmission, are distinctly affected by the absorption of water vapor.
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Photonics Dictionary
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