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Photonics Dictionary

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optical continuous wave reflectometer

An instrument used to measure backscatter as well as optical return loss and reflectance within an optical fiber system by measuring the reflected light when a continuous wave is transmitted through...

optical dynameter

A small low-power microscope or magnifier with a scale that is used to measure the exit pupil diameter and eye relief on visual instruments. Optical dynameters are often used to measure the...

optical multimeter

An instrument that measures several optical parameters, such as optical power and wavelength, with a single measurement input.

optical pyrometer

An instrument for determining the temperature of a hot object by examining the color spectrum of the visible light it gives off and comparing it to the known temperature and wavelength spectrum of...

optical time-domain reflectometer

An optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) is a specialized instrument used in optical fiber communications to characterize and analyze the optical fibers' characteristics, including attenuation,...

optometer

An instrument designed to measure the refractive power and range of accommodation of the eye. See ophthalmic instruments.

oximeter

A device that uses a photoelectric cell to determine the level of oxygenation in the blood.

perimeter -> eye test apparatus

Instruments used by ophthalmologists and optometrists to study the eye. There are, for instance, the ophthalmoscope to observe and photograph the retina; the retinoscope and optometer to determine...

photoclinometer

A photographic recording instrument that measures deviation from the vertical of a drilled well or mine.

photoelectric colorimeter

A system having a photoelectric detector for the measurement of three quantities related by linear combination to tristimulus values of a sample.

photoelectric densitometer -> densitometer

1. An instrument used to measure the opacity or density of dyes, pigments or dispersed particles that form an image in or on a medium, such as a photographic film. 2. A device used to measure the...

photoelectric exposure meter

A device consisting of a microammeter, a photovoltaic cell and a battery. It is used for the measurement of scene brightness and the determination of correct exposure for photographic processes.

photoelectric fluorometer

A filter fluorometer that uses a photomultiplier tube to detect the fluorescence of a sample.

photoelectric photometer

Also known as electronic photometer. A photometer with a photocell, phototransistor or phototube for measuring the intensity of light.

photoelectric pyrometer

An instrument used to measure the temperature of a source through the use of photoelectric cells to detect and measure the intensity of the light emitted by the source.

photoelectric reflectometer

A photoelectric photometer used to measure the reflectance of a surface.

photoelectric spectrophotometer

A system that consists of a spectrophotometer with a photoelectric detector for measurement of radiant energy.

photoemissive tube photometer

A photometer that uses a photoemissive tube to detect and measure light. See photoelectric photometry.

photographic sensitometer -> sensitometer

An instrument for determining the sensitivity of a photographic film to light. The film is given either a stepped exposure or a continuously varied exposure; after processing, the density is measured...

photometer

A device used to compare the luminous intensities of two sources by comparing the illuminance they produce.

phototransistor tachometer

A tachometer consisting of a light source, rotating perforated wheel and phototransistor to measure the rates of rotation of components. The phototransistor counts the flashes formed when the wheel,...

plane densitometer

An instrument designed to give precise and rapid detection of changes in tumor growth as well as the location of small tumors by providing a three-dimensional picture of the tissue.

pointing interferometer

A device attached to the end of an alignment telescope that detects and calculates a plane mirror's rotation axis that is perpendicular to the line of sight. The device is adaptable for evaluation of...

polarimeter

A polariscope with a half-shade device and an angular scale generally attached to the analyzer. It is used to measure the rotation of the plane of polarization by materials placed within it. A...

polarization photometer

A photometer having a pair of Nicol prisms introduced into the beam from the brighter of two sources to be compared. Turning one of these polarizers reduces the beam to equality with the beam of the...

potentiometer

A device designed to measure electromotive force or electrical difference potential.

pupilometer

An instrument for measuring the diameter of the human eye pupil.

pyrheliometer

An instrument for measuring the intensity of solar radiation.

pyrometer -> optical pyrometer

An instrument for determining the temperature of a hot object by examining the color spectrum of the visible light it gives off and comparing it to the known temperature and wavelength spectrum of...

radiation pyrometer

Also known as radiation thermometer. A pyrometer in which the radiant intensity from the source to be measured is used to calculate its temperature. The usual detector is a thermocouple, thermopile...

radiometer

A device used to measure the intensity of radiant energy.

ratiometer

An electronic device that minimizes short-term drift effects and random measurement error inherent in alternate ellipsometric measurement of two signals.

Rayleigh interferometer

A device that is used to determine the index of refraction of a gas or liquid through the interference patterns formed by two beams of light, one of which has been transmitted by the sample. A single...

reflectance spectrophotometer

An instrument that spectrally analyzes the flux reflected from a material. The reflected flux may be total, diffuse or specular. Often the instrument measures the reflectance factor instead of the...

reflected light meter

An exposure meter that indicates the amount of light reflected from the subject of interest.

reflecting galvanometer

A galvanometer having a small mirror that is mounted on a moving element and that reflects a light beam onto a scale.

reflectometer

An instrument for measuring reflectance.

refractometer

An instrument used to measure the refractive index of solids and liquids. Several types exist, the most common being the Abbe refractometer.

remote active spectrometer

A device employed to identify toxic agents lingering on the ground or in the air from up to three miles away, by using laser beams to detect infrared light-absorption patterns that can be analyzed to...

ring micrometer

A flat, round micrometer that is placed in the focal plane of a telescope to measure difference in right ascension and declination.

saccharimeter

A special-purpose polarimeter having a scale calibrated directly in the concentration of sugar in the test solution.

Sagnac interferometer

Sagnac interferometry is a technique used to measure rotation or angular velocity based on the principle of interference. It relies on the Sagnac effect, named after the French physicist Georges...

scanning microdensitometer

A microdensitometer that contains a scanning stage to provide simultaneous representations of position vs. density.

scanning spectroradiometer

A spectroradiometer having a means to scan different regions of the light spectrum, providing simultaneous representations of amplitude vs. wavelength of the spectrum.

scatterometer

An instrument used to determine the absolute or relative scatter levels of optical surfaces.

sclerometer

An instrument used to test the hardness of various materials. It measures the pressure on a standard point that is necessary to scratch the material.

scopometer

A device used to take turbidimetric or nephelometric measurements by considering the contrast between a constant brightness field and an illuminated line positioned behind the solution being tested.

sensitometer

shearing interferometer

An interferometer in which interference is produced between wavefronts that are sheared in the sample object by a small lateral distance.

silver-disc pyrheliometer

An instrument that uses a blackened silver-disc reflector with a shutter to create temperature fluctuations that are proportional to the intensity of the solar radiation incident upon it. Using the...

Photonics Dictionary