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Photonics Dictionary

Sagnac interferometer

Sagnac interferometry is a technique used to measure rotation or angular velocity based on the principle of interference. It relies on the Sagnac effect, named after the French physicist Georges Sagnac, which describes the phenomenon of phase shift in light beams traveling in opposite directions along a closed loop.

In Sagnac interferometry, a beam of light is split into two paths by a beamsplitter. These two beams travel in opposite directions around a closed loop, typically a fiber optic coil or a ring interferometer. When the beams recombine at the beamsplitter, they interfere with each other. The interference pattern is then detected and analyzed to determine any phase shift, which is proportional to the rotation rate of the loop.

This technique is widely used in various applications such as inertial navigation systems, gyroscopes, and rotation sensors due to its high sensitivity and accuracy in measuring angular velocity. It is also employed in optical fiber communication systems for compensation of fiber-induced phase shifts.

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