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8,289 terms
Photonics Dictionary
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colorimetric purity
Ratio, to the luminance of a test color, of the luminance of the spectrum color that matches the test color when mixed with white light.
colorimetry
Colorimetry is the science and technology of quantitatively describing and measuring colors. It involves the precise evaluation of color attributes such as hue, saturation, and brightness, using...
coloring media
Transparent media which, when placed in front of a light source, change their color as a result of the selective absorption of some of the light.
colorizing
->
false color
In imaging technology, assigning color to black and white images to differentiate features or convey information. Also called colorizing.
column chromatography
The chromatography method in which the stationary phase is supported in or on an inert packing in a column, through which the mobile phase passes.
COM
computer-output microfilm; Center for Optical Manufacturing
coma
A lens aberration, resulting from different magnifications in the various lens zones, that occurs in that part of the image field that is some distance from the principal axis of the system....
comb filter
A filter that passes a series of wavelength regions that are at equal distances from one another, such that its output resembles the teeth of a comb. In video transmission, a comb filter is used to...
combiner
A semitransparent mirror in an optical system that combines two or more output beams into a single coaxial beam.
COMINT
An acronym for communications intelligence, referring to the collection of communications signals in the VHF and UHF frequency ranges (20 to 1200 MHz).
COMINT
communications intelligence
common optoelectronics laser detection system
A laser warning and countermeasure system containing a sensor that indicates the direction of a laser beam, and analytical instruments to determine pulse code, repetition frequency and wavelength.
common-mode voltage
An electrical problem that occurs when voltage is not the same with respect to ground at every node of a system, causing current to circulate between nodes.
communicator bandwidth
The maximum rate at which temporally disjunct optical signals can be produced or detected.
compact disk read-only memory
->
CD-ROM
compact disc read-only memory
compacting
The heat-treating method in which the index of refraction of glass is fixed near or at its maximum value by holding the glass for different periods at suitable degrees of heat below the range of...
companding
A deliberately nonlinear amplitude modulation that strengthens weak signals and reduces strong signals for transmission.
comparator
1. An eyepiece or magnifier with a scale at its image plane. That scale is placed in contact with an object, permitting direct measurement of its size. 2. Also called traveling stage and traveling...
comparison lamp
A reference incandescent light source having a luminous intensity that is used in photometry for comparison of other light sources.
comparison microscope
Two microscopes that are coupled on a common stand, the two images being projected side by side in the field of view of a single eyepiece for comparison.
comparison spectroscope
A device used for the comparison of spectra used, in turn, for the comparison of elements, such as the absorption lines in the spectra of stars and the spectra of elements in the stars being observed.
comparison spectrum
In analysis, a reference spectrum, having predetermined wavelengths, that is used to determine the wavelengths of another spectrum through comparison of the two.
complementary colors
Colors that produce an achromatic color when additively mixed.
complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) refers to a technology used in the fabrication of integrated circuits, particularly semiconductor devices like microprocessors, memory chips, and image...
complementary wavelength
Also called complementary dominant wavelength. On a chromaticity diagram, the wavelength on the spectrum locus that lies on the same straight line as the achromatic point and the sample point for a...
component
1. A constituent part. It may consist of two or more parts cemented together, or with near and approximately matching surfaces. 2. The projection of a vector on a certain coordinate axis or along a...
composite video
A type of video signal in which the luminance and chrominance portions of the signal, or the luma and chroma, have been combined according to standards such as NTSC, PAL or SECAM.
composite wave filter
A transducer composed of more than one high-pass, bandpass, low-pass or band-elimination filter.
compound crosspoint
A device for obtaining very low crosstalk in a crosspoint by arranging two simple switches along different arms of a passive crossover and connecting the switches with a curved connecting guide to...
compound microscope
->
microscope
An instrument consisting essentially of a tube 160 mm long, with an objective lens at the distant end and an eyepiece at the near end. The objective forms a real aerial image of the object in the...
compound semiconductor
A semiconductor made up of two or more elements, in contrast to those composed of a single element such as germanium or silicon. In a III-V semiconductor, for example, one or more elements having...
compound shutter
A center-opening shutter made up of several identical leaves that are mounted symmetrically around the optical axis of the lens.
compressed digital video
->
digital video compression
A step-by-step method of reducing the amount of data in a digital video signal to transmit or store a high-quality image. The digitized picture is analyzed, and fine detail and redundant pixels,...
compression molding
A method of producing large volumes of plastic optical components in which powdered or sheet plastic is pressed between heated dies.
Compton scattering
The phenomenon observed by A.H. Compton in 1923 -- that some scattered radiation possesses a longer wavelength and correspondingly smaller frequency than the incident radiation. It may be described...
computational imaging
Computational imaging refers to the use of computational techniques, algorithms, and hardware to enhance or enable imaging capabilities beyond what traditional optical systems can achieve. It...
computer animation
The use of a computer to generate a series of interrelated images so that the images give the illusion of movement in space and time.
computer graphics
Computer output in the form of pictorial representation (graphs, charts, drawings, etc.) that is displayed visually.
computer graphics metafile
A snapshot representation of the final image created by a computer program.
computer graphics workstation
The physical area containing an assembly of computer graphics equipment for presenting generated images and allowing interaction between the user and the computer.
computer numerically controlled grinding
Computer numerically controlled (CNC) grinding is a manufacturing process that utilizes computerized controls and precision machining tools to remove material from a workpiece. In CNC grinding, a...
computer polarization holography
A technique used to store wavefront information on thin polarization information-recordable materials by controlling the polarization angle of a small illuminating spotlight in each sampling cell on...
computer vision
Computer vision enables computers to interpret and make decisions based on visual data, such as images and videos. It involves the development of algorithms, techniques, and systems that enable...
computer-calculated diffraction pattern
The use of computer analysis in the calculation of diffraction patterns for information on the design of optical systems. In this method, the electric field amplitude and phase in the aperture are...
computer-generated hologram
A computer-generated hologram (CGH) is a holographic image produced using computational methods and algorithms, rather than traditional optical techniques. CGHs are generated entirely in digital form...
computer-generated holographic scanner
A phase reflection scanner that eliminates the need for a complex translation device while maintaining a high-energy-density level during laser materials processing. These devices direct and focus...
computer-integrated manufacturing
The use of computer systems for monitoring and controlling industrial production.
computer-output microfilm system
A camera system capable of producing microfilm copies of computerized data presented on a screen.
COMSAT
communications satellite
concatenation
The process of linking optical fiber end to end.
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Photonics Dictionary
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