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8,236 terms

Photonics Dictionary

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ultraviolet

That invisible region of the spectrum just beyond the violet end of the visible region. Wavelengths range from 1 to 400 nm.

ultraviolet-visible spectrometer

Also known as UV-VIS spectrometer, a device that measures the absorbance, reflectance or transmittance of light in the ultraviolet or visible wavelengths absorbed, reflected or transmitted. Commonly...

umbilical

A connection, typically made up of one or more cables, between a laser head and a separate power supply. Flexible pipes or hoses are sometimes used to protect and stabilize multiple cables.

umbra -> penumbra

A source of light will not cast a distinct shadow of an interfering, opaque object, but will cast a shadow having two parts: 1. the umbra, or the central, totally dark part of the shadow; and 2. the...

unblanking

The initiation of the beam in a cathode-ray tube.

unblocking

The process whereby optical elements are removed from a block.

uncut

A term describing lenses with both surfaces finished but not yet cut to any form.

underillumination

Illumination of hologram facets with a beam that covers only a small portion of the hologram in order to optimize laser energy use. See overillumination.

underwater photography

The field of photography concerned with the recording of subjects beneath the water with a watertight, water-resistant camera system.

underwater television system

A television system designed to obtain pictures of objects or scenes beneath the surface of the water. Generally, a low-light-level television camera and a suitable light source are enclosed in a...

undulator magnet

A device used in a free-electron laser to convert the electron-beam's energy into microwave laser radiation by creating a magnetic field of alternating polarity through which the free electrons are...

uniaxial crystal

A doubly refracting crystal having a single axis along which there is an absence of double refraction.

uniform color space

A color space in which equal distances represent equal visually perceived color differences.

uniform diffuser -> perfect diffuser

A surface that obeys Lambert's cosine law and has a reflectance of unity.

uniform luminance area

In a cathode-ray tube, the region wherein a display on the tube keeps 70 percent or more of its luminance at the center of the viewing area.

uniformly redundant array

Array used in coded-aperture imaging experiments with two-beam CO2 lasers that provide an artifact-free process, faithful reproduction of the true image, and more photon collection than the pinhole...

unijunction transistor

A three-terminal semiconductor having only one PN junction and a stable, open-circuit, negative-resistance property.

unimorph

A piezoelectric transducer made of a thin strip of piezoelectric material bonded to a strip of metal.

uniphase interference

In interferometry, the result of superimposing two wavefronts of identical shape, yielding a uniform intensity interference pattern with no bands.

unipolar

Refers to the transistors in which the working current flows through only one type of semiconductor material, either P-type or N-type. In unipolar transistors, the working current consists of either...

unipotential electrostatic lens

A simple electrostatic lens with a focus controlled by a single potential difference.

unit of error

A unit of measurement in a rangefinder corresponding to 12 s of arc in the apparent field.

unit plane -> principal plane

In a lens or lens system, that surface at which the projections of an entering and exiting ray intersect. Also known as the equivalent refracting surface, the principal plane is most often not...

universal product code

A system by which consumer products are assigned a bar code that is read by a scanner at a cash register, enabling computerization of pricing and inventory records.

universal wavelength function

One of the four functions that allows the computation of a transparent medium's index of refraction, provided the index has been identified for four standard wavelengths.

unmanned aerial vehicle

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, is an aircraft without a human pilot onboard. UAVs are remotely controlled or autonomously operated, and they can be used for various...

unpolarized

Behaving as though characterized by a series of waves having planes of vibration oriented at all possible azimuths.

unstable resonator

A resonator often used for mode control in Fresnel number laser cavities that is highly vulnerable to extremely weak external sources of feedback.

UOE

unit of error

UPC

universal product code

upper rim ray -> rim ray

A ray of an image-forming bundle that passes through the edge of the entrance pupil or aperture stop. Usually used in connection with meridian rays, an upper rim ray is one that passes through the...

URA

uniformly redundant array

USAS-CSOCR

USA standard character set for optical character recognition

USITC

US International Trade Commission

USRA

University Space Research Association

USTA

US Telecommunications Association

UTC

universal time corrected

UTM

universal transform mercator

ultraviolet

UVFO

ultraviolet fiber optics

uviol glass

A type of glass contrived by Schott that is highly transparent to ultraviolet radiation.

velocity

v-coat

A multilayer antireflective thin-film coating, so called because its reflectance rises steeply at wavelengths above and below a narrow band at zero. The v-coat is particularly useful in high-power...

V-groove

A V-shaped channel pressed or etched into a substrate, in which, for example, optical fibers may be placed to create an integrated optical component.

V-number -> normalized frequency

Also referred to as the V number in fiber optics; the normalized frequency is a dimensionless quantity, denoted by the symbol V, given by: where a is waveguide core radius, l is wavelength in vacuum,...

V-value -> Abbe constant

A dispersion relation defined in order to value the reciprocal amount of dispersion. It is defined as the refractivity over the difference in index values of the shortest and longest visible...

voltampere

vacancy

In an ionic crystal, the region in the crystal lattice where the ion, predicted to be present, is absent.

vacuum

In optics, the term vacuum typically refers to a space devoid of matter, including air and other gases. However, in practical terms, achieving a perfect vacuum, where there is absolutely no matter...

vacuum apparatus

Equipment dependent on the effects of a vacuum. The principal applications in optics are in the coating of lenses and substrates and the fabrication of multilayer interference filters.

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Photonics Dictionary

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