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8,726 terms

Photonics Dictionary

quantum detector

A photodetector in which an electrical charge is produced when incident photons change electrons within the detecting material from nonconducting to conducting states. See photoconductive detector;...

quantum dot light-emitting diode

Quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) is a display technology that utilizes quantum dots, which are semiconductor nanocrystals, to produce vibrant and high-quality images. QLED displays are...

quantum dot thin films

Quantum dot thin films refer to thin layers or coatings composed of quantum dots deposited onto a substrate surface. Quantum dots are nanoscale semiconductor particles typically ranging from a few to...

quantum dots

A quantum dot is a nanoscale semiconductor structure, typically composed of materials like cadmium selenide or indium arsenide, that exhibits unique quantum mechanical properties. These properties...

quantum efficiency

Quantum efficiency (QE) is a measure of the effectiveness with which a device or system, typically in the context of photonics or electronics, converts incoming photons (light) into a useful output...

quantum entanglement

Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon in quantum mechanics where two or more particles become correlated to such an extent that the state of one particle instantly influences the state of the...

quantum key distribution

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a method of secure communication that utilizes principles from quantum mechanics to establish a shared secret key between two parties, typically referred to as Alice...

quantum mechanics

The science of all complex elements of atomic and molecular spectra, and the interaction of radiation and matter.

quantum noise

Noise generated within an optical communications system link that has both internal (dark current) and external (background noise, or noise in signal) components.

quantum optics

The area of optics in which quantum theory is used to describe light in discrete units or "quanta" of energy known as photons. First observed by Albert Einstein's photoelectric effect, this particle...

quantum photodetector -> photodetector

A photodetector, also known as a photosensor or photodiode, is a device that detects and converts light into an electrical signal. Photodetectors are widely used in various applications, ranging from...

quantum repeater

A quantum repeater is a crucial component in quantum communication networks, designed to extend the range over which quantum information can be transmitted. Quantum information, typically carried by...

quantum sensing

Quantum sensing refers to a class of sensing technologies that leverage principles from quantum mechanics to enhance the precision and sensitivity of measurements. Traditional sensors operate based...

quantum well

A quantum well is a structure in quantum mechanics that confines particles, such as electrons or holes, in one spatial dimension. This confinement leads to quantized energy levels, creating a...

quantum wire

A narrow channel created by cleaving a crystal made of alternating layers of gallium arsenide and aluminum gallium arsenide, and adding additional layers on the cleaved end face, at right angles to...

quantum-ehanced metrology

Quantum-enhanced metrology refers to the use of quantum mechanics principles and techniques to enhance the precision and sensitivity of measurements in metrology—the science of measurement....

quantum-limited operation

Operation in which the minimum detectable signal is set because of variations in the average signal current; e.g., quantum noise.

quarter video graphics array

The quarter video graphics array (QVGA) is a display resolution standard used in video graphics, particularly in LCD displays, digital cameras, mobile phones, and other portable electronic devices....

quarter-wave plate

A plate made of a double-refracting crystal having such a density that a phase difference of one-quarter cycle is formed between the ordinary and extraordinary elements of light passing through.

quartz

See crystal quartz; fused quartz.

quartz light source

A lamp with a quartz envelope that transmits radiation generally rich in the ultraviolet.

quartz plate

A crystalline-quartz plate designed according to specifications but having its two major faces parallel.

quartz spectrograph

A spectrograph used to detect radiation in the range of the ultraviolet in the electromagnetic spectrum. It is made up of quartz because that material, unlike regular glass, is not opaque to the...

quasar

A contraction of quasi stellar. An astronomical object that appears to be a star but has a different, larger redshift.

quasi-CW laser diode

A type of laser diode that operates at long pulsewidths.

quasi-CW laser

A laser that generates a succession of pulses at a high enough repetition rate to appear continuous. The pump source is switched on for short intervals, nominally equal to the lifetime of the...

quasi-Fourier transform

The transform defining that, if a reference beam is a divergent spherical wavefront, then the reconstructed image will be the equivalent of the near-field diffraction pattern of the object. Also...

quasi-linear theory

The first nonlinear theory in plasma physics that details the time and space evolution of plasma wave instability from a microscopic vantage point and provides an outline of the plasma in terms of...

quasi-monochromatic light

Single wavelength source with a larger linewidth often containing multiple longitudinal modes.

quasi-optical

Having properties resembling those of light- waves; e.g., the propagation of waves in the television spectrum.

quasiparticle

A quasiparticle is an emergent phenomenon that occurs in many-body systems, particularly in condensed matter physics, where the collective behavior of a large number of interacting particles can be...

quaternary

Made up of four elements; for instance, gadolinium, scandium, gallium and garnet (GSGG).

qubit

A qubit, short for quantum bit, is the fundamental unit of information in quantum computing and quantum information processing. Unlike classical bits, which can exist in one of two states (0 or 1),...

quencher molecule

In the dye laser, the molecule that takes out energy from the triplet state during collisions between the dye and quencher to achieve long-pulse emission.

quenching

The inhibition or elimination of one process by another process. The stimulated emission of a laser oscillator can be quenched by a pulse of radiation of the same frequency traversing the oscillator...

quick-flashing light -> stroboscope

A device that produces brief flashes of light for observing the behavior of an object during a short interval. One of the most effective means for accomplishing this is a gaseous tube energized by...

quiescent period

The time interval of no activity occurring between each pulse during transmission.

quantum well

QWIP

quantum-well infrared photodetector

QWOT

quarterwave optical thickness

resistance; roentgen; Rankine

reduced aperture

arithmetic average

Rabi oscillations

Rabi oscillations are a fundamental phenomenon in quantum mechanics that describe the periodic and reversible exchange of energy between two quantum states when subjected to an oscillating external...

RACE

research into advanced communications in Europe

racemic

Inactive optically, but having the capacity for resolution into forms of opposed optical activity. The term is derived from racemic acid, an optically inactive, tartaric acid.

rad

radian

rad

A unit of energy absorbed from ionizing radiation, equal to 100 ergs per gram of irradiated material.

radar

radio detection and ranging

radar display

The spontaneous visual presentation of radar information by electronic traces on a cathode-ray tube.

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Photonics Dictionary

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