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Photonics Dictionary
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Raman laser
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Raman scattering
Raman scattering, also known as the Raman effect or Raman spectroscopy, is a phenomenon in which light undergoes inelastic scattering when interacting with matter, such as molecules, crystals, or...
Raman scattering
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Raman scattering
Raman scattering, also known as the Raman effect or Raman spectroscopy, is a phenomenon in which light undergoes inelastic scattering when interacting with matter, such as molecules, crystals, or...
Raman scattering
Raman scattering, also known as the Raman effect or Raman spectroscopy, is a phenomenon in which light undergoes inelastic scattering when interacting with matter, such as molecules, crystals, or...
Raman shifter
A device that changes the frequency of light by inducing the Raman effect on a beam passing through it.
Raman spectroscopy
Raman spectroscopy is a technique used in analytical chemistry and physics to study vibrational, rotational, and other low-frequency modes in a system. Named after the Indian physicist Sir C.V. Raman...
Ramsden circle
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exit pupil
In a lens or other optical system, the image of the aperture stop as seen from image space.
Ramsden eyepiece
An eyepiece consisting of two planoconvex lenses of the same focal length, with facing convex surfaces.
random access multiphoton microscopy
Also known as RAMP microscopy, random access multiphoton microscopy is a microscopic technique that uses multiple acousto-optic modulators to enable faster and addressable scanning of 3D cellular...
random noise
Essentially, noise that cannot be predicted. Therefore, even if the magnitude of sound or oscillation in a system is known at a given moment, random noise can change in a short time.
randomized fiber optic cable
Fiber optic cable in which the arrangement of fibers within the bundle has been made random so that output light will be uniformly distributed and not relay the image of the light source at the input...
range axis
The third dimension (depth or Z-axis) in an imaging system.
rangefinder
1. An optical distance finder that depends on triangulation of two convergent beams on an object from disparate view points. 2. A device that depends on the measurement of time of wave travel from an...
rapid access system
A photographic camera and processing system used to form a usable record of the subject in a short time, usually a few seconds, for immediate analysis.
rapid rectilinear lens
A double meniscus system in which two achromatized meniscus lenses are arranged symmetrically on either side of the aperture stop, reducing or eliminating distortion, coma and lateral color.
rare earth dopants
Rare earth dopants refer to elements from the lanthanide series, also known as rare earth elements, that are intentionally introduced into the crystal lattice of a material to modify its properties....
rare gas halide laser
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excimer laser
An excimer laser is a type of ultraviolet laser that emits short pulses of light in the ultraviolet spectrum. The term excimer is derived from excited dimer, reflecting the nature of the gain medium...
rare-earth doped fiber
An optical fiber in which ions of a rare-earth element, such as neodymium, erbium or holmium, have been incorporated into the glass core matrix, yielding high absorption with low loss in the visible...
rare-earth elements
Rare-earth elements (REEs) are a group of seventeen chemical elements found in the Earth's crust, characterized by their unique properties and scarcity relative to other elements. Despite their name,...
rare-earth type glass
Optical glasses containing the oxides of rare earths such as lanthanum to impart a very high refractive index combined with a low dispersive power.
rarefaction
In a gas, the temporary drop in density caused by contact with a sound wave.
RAS
remote active spectrometer
raster
The pattern of lines traced by rectilinear scanning in display systems.
raster image processor
In imaging technology, a device that converts raster or line-scan data to pixel form for further processing.
raster scan display
A display in which regeneration takes place serially at a fixed speed in a set pattern through the scan lines.
Raster scanning
Raster scanning is a technique used in imaging and scanning systems to systematically capture and process information from a two-dimensional area or surface. It involves moving a sensor or scanning...
raster unit
The vertical or horizontal distance between two addressable points on a display screen; indicates the basic resolution element of a terminal.
ratiometer
An electronic device that minimizes short-term drift effects and random measurement error inherent in alternate ellipsometric measurement of two signals.
ratiometry
Ratiometry is a technique used in various scientific fields, particularly in analytical chemistry and biochemistry, to measure concentrations or quantities by comparing the intensity of two different...
raw glass
A term that describes any state of glass before its manufacture as an element.
ray
A geometric representation of a light path through an optical device; a line normal to the wavefront indicating the direction of radiant energy flow.
ray intercept plot
A graph of the intersections of a fan of rays with the final image plane, plotted as a function of the positions of the rays in the pupil of the system.
ray tracing
Ray tracing is a rendering technique used in computer graphics to simulate the way light interacts with objects in a scene. It involves tracing the path of rays of light as they travel through a...
Rayleigh criterion of resolving power
When a lens system with a circular aperture is free of aberrations, the image of a point object will appear as a disc of finite size surrounded by concentric rings. When two points are separated such...
Rayleigh interferometer
A device that is used to determine the index of refraction of a gas or liquid through the interference patterns formed by two beams of light, one of which has been transmitted by the sample. A single...
Rayleigh limit
The restriction of wavefront error to within a quarter of a wavelength of a true spherical surface to assure essentially perfect image quality.
Rayleigh line
That element of a spectrum line in scattered radiation having a frequency equal to that of the corresponding incident radiation, due to ordinary or Rayleigh scattering.
Rayleigh prism
A prism system designed to produce a very high dispersion of light.
Rayleigh range
In the region of a Gaussian beam focus by a diffraction-limited lens, it is the axial distance from the point of minimum beam waist (Wo) to the point where the beam diameter has increased to .
Rayleigh scattering
Rayleigh scattering is a phenomenon that occurs when light waves interact with particles or molecules that are much smaller than the wavelength of the light. It is named after the British scientist...
RBOC
regional Bell operating company
RBS
Rutherford backscattering spectrometry
RBV
return beam vidicon
Rc
Rockwell hardness
RC
reaction chamber; resistance × capacitance
reactive evaporation
Reactive evaporation refers to a process in thin-film deposition where a material is deposited onto a substrate through evaporation, and chemical reactions take place during or after the evaporation...
reactor
In chemistry, a device in which a chemical reaction takes place. In electronics, a device that introduces reactance into a circuit.
read screen
The transparent component of an optical reader that transmits the image rays of the characters to be read.
read-only memory
An optical storage product that can be used for playback only.
read-out integrated circuit
A read-out integrated circuit (ROIC) is an electronic device used in imaging systems, particularly in infrared (IR) and other sensing technologies. It is designed to interface with an array of...
read-write capability
In an optical data storage system, denoting the optical head's ability both to record information and to detect it for playback.
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Photonics Dictionary
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