Definition of servo

Photonics Dictionary

servo: A servo, short for servomechanism or servo motor, is a closed-loop control system that precisely controls the position, velocity, or acceleration of a mechanical component, typically in response to an input signal or command. Servos are widely used in various applications requiring accurate and controlled motion, such as robotics, automation, aerospace, and manufacturing.

The basic components of a servo system typically include:

Actuator: The actuator is the mechanical component responsible for producing motion. It could be a motor, hydraulic cylinder, pneumatic actuator, or any other device capable of generating mechanical force and motion.

Feedback sensor: A feedback sensor, such as an encoder or potentiometer, measures the actual position, velocity, or other relevant parameters of the actuator and provides feedback to the control system.

Control system: The control system processes the feedback signal and compares it to the desired position or motion profile specified by the input signal. Based on this comparison, the control system generates a corrective signal that drives the actuator to the desired position or velocity.

Servos operate based on a closed-loop control principle, where the feedback from the sensor is continuously monitored and used to adjust the actuator's output to maintain the desired performance. This closed-loop control ensures accuracy, stability, and responsiveness in the servo system.

Servos come in various types and sizes, depending on the specific application requirements. They can range from small, low-power servos used in hobbyist projects to large, high-power servos used in industrial machinery and robotics.

In summary, a servo is a sophisticated control system used to precisely control the motion of mechanical components, providing accuracy, stability, and responsiveness in a wide range of applications.