Definition of robotic arms

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Photonics Dictionary

robotic arms: Robotic arms, also known as robot arms or manipulator arms, are mechanical devices designed to mimic and perform the functions of human arms. They consist of multiple articulated segments, joints, and end-effectors (tools or grippers) that enable them to manipulate objects with precision and dexterity in a wide range of applications.

Key components of a robotic arm include:

Base: The base of the robotic arm is the stationary or fixed part that provides a stable foundation for the arm's movement. It may be mounted on a fixed platform, such as a table or a robot chassis, or integrated into a larger robotic system.

Segments and joints: Robotic arms typically consist of multiple segments or links connected by joints, allowing for articulated movement similar to that of a human arm. Common types of joints include revolute (rotational), prismatic (linear), and spherical (ball-and-socket) joints, which enable the arm to move in various directions and orientations.

Actuators: Actuators are devices that provide the mechanical power necessary to move the robotic arm's joints and segments. They may include electric motors, pneumatic cylinders, hydraulic actuators, or a combination of these technologies, depending on the application requirements and the desired range of motion, speed, and payload capacity.

End-effector: The end-effector is the tool or attachment mounted at the end of the robotic arm that interacts with the objects being manipulated. End-effectors come in various forms, such as grippers, suction cups, welding torches, drills, and sensors, depending on the specific task or application.

Control system: The control system of a robotic arm consists of sensors, actuators, and a control algorithm or software that governs the arm's movement and operation. The control system receives input signals, such as commands from a human operator or feedback from sensors, and generates output signals to drive the actuators and achieve the desired motion and behavior.

Robotic arms are widely used in industrial automation, manufacturing, assembly, material handling, welding, packaging, and other applications where repetitive or precise manipulation of objects is required. They offer advantages such as increased efficiency, accuracy, and consistency compared to manual labor, as well as the ability to operate in hazardous or challenging environments. Robotic arms also play roles in fields such as healthcare, research, agriculture, and space exploration, where they assist with tasks ranging from surgical procedures to scientific experiments and space missions.