Definition of interferometer

Photonics Dictionary

interferometer: An interferometer is a scientific instrument that utilizes the principle of interference to measure differences in the path length, wavelength, phase, or amplitude of coherent electromagnetic waves. It typically consists of components such as a light source (often a laser), beam splitters, mirrors, and detectors arranged in such a way that multiple beams of light can be combined and analyzed.

Key aspects and principles of interferometers include:

Interference pattern: Interferometers generate interference patterns when two or more coherent waves superimpose. These patterns contain information about the relative phase difference or path length difference between the waves.

Applications: Interferometers are used in various fields such as optics, astronomy, spectroscopy, metrology, and telecommunications for precise measurements of distances, surface profiles, optical properties, and other characteristics.

Types: There are several types of interferometers, including Michelson interferometers, Mach-Zehnder interferometers, Fabry-Perot interferometers, and Fizeau interferometers, each with specific configurations and applications.

Interferometers play a crucial role in scientific research and technological applications where high precision and accuracy in measurements of light waves or other electromagnetic waves are required. They are fundamental tools in both fundamental research and industrial applications, contributing to advancements in fields such as physics, astronomy, material science, and telecommunications.