Definition of digital camera

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Photonics Dictionary

digital camera: A digital camera is a device that captures and records still images or video in digital format. Unlike traditional film cameras, which use photographic film to capture and store images, digital cameras use electronic sensors to convert light into digital data that can be stored, displayed, and manipulated electronically.

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Key components of a digital camera include:

Image sensor: The image sensor is the electronic component that captures incoming light and converts it into electrical signals. Most digital cameras use either a CCD or a CMOS sensor.

Lens: The lens gathers and focuses light onto the image sensor. Digital cameras may have fixed lenses or interchangeable lenses, allowing users to change focal lengths and achieve different perspectives.

Image processor: The image processor processes the electrical signals from the image sensor, performing tasks such as color interpolation, noise reduction, and image compression. It also controls various camera settings and features.

Storage medium: Digital cameras store captured images and videos on digital storage media such as memory cards, solid-state drives, or internal memory.

Display screen: A digital camera typically features an LCD or OLED display screen for framing and reviewing images and videos. Some cameras may also have an electronic viewfinder for composing images.

Controls and settings: Digital cameras include buttons, dials, and menus for adjusting camera settings such as exposure, focus, aperture, shutter speed, white balance, and ISO sensitivity.

Connectivity options: Many digital cameras offer connectivity options such as USB, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or NFC for transferring images to computers, smartphones, or other devices.

Digital cameras come in various types and configurations, including:

Compact cameras: Also known as point-and-shoot cameras, these cameras are small, lightweight, and easy to use, making them suitable for casual photography and everyday use.

Mirrorless cameras: Mirrorless cameras use an electronic viewfinder or LCD screen for composing images and lack the optical viewfinder found in traditional DSLR cameras. They offer interchangeable lenses and are known for their compact size and versatility.

Digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras: DSLR cameras feature a mirror mechanism and optical viewfinder that allows photographers to see through the lens directly. They offer excellent image quality, fast autofocus performance, and a wide range of lens options.

Action cameras: These rugged, compact cameras are designed for capturing action-packed footage in extreme environments. They are often used for sports, adventure, and outdoor activities.

Digital cameras have revolutionized photography by offering instant image capture, easy sharing and editing capabilities, and the ability to store large numbers of images without the need for physical film.