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cryostat

A cryostat is a device used to maintain very low temperatures, typically below the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (77 K or -196°C) or even lower. It provides a controlled environment for experiments, research, and storage of materials that require extremely cold temperatures.

Cryostats typically consist of a vacuum-insulated container or chamber, often made of stainless steel or other thermally insulating materials, to minimize heat transfer from the surrounding environment. Inside the cryostat, there is usually a vessel or space for holding a cryogenic fluid, such as liquid helium or liquid nitrogen, which is used to achieve and maintain the desired low temperatures.

The cryostat may also include temperature regulation systems, such as heaters and coolers, to precisely control the temperature within the chamber. Additionally, it often incorporates ports or access points for introducing samples, instruments, or measurement devices into the cold environment without compromising the integrity of the cryogenic conditions.

Cryostats find applications in various scientific and industrial fields, including physics research (such as superconductivity studies and low-temperature physics), materials science (for studying the behavior of materials at low temperatures), and medical research (such as cryopreservation of biological samples). They are essential tools for conducting experiments and investigations that require extreme cold temperatures.
 
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