Definition of cell adhesion

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Photonics Dictionary

cell adhesion: Cell adhesion refers to the process by which cells interact and attach to neighboring cells or to the extracellular matrix (ECM), a network of proteins and other molecules surrounding cells. This interaction is crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of tissues and organs, as well as for regulating various cellular functions such as migration, differentiation, and signaling.

Cell-cell adhesion: This involves interactions between the surface molecules (such as cadherins, integrins, and selectins) of adjacent cells. These adhesion molecules bind to specific counterparts on neighboring cells, forming junctions that can be tight (like in epithelial tissues) or more dynamic (like in immune cells).

Cell-ECM adhesion: Cells also adhere to the ECM, which provides structural support and biochemical cues. Integrins are a primary group of adhesion molecules involved in anchoring cells to the ECM proteins like collagen, fibronectin, and laminin. This interaction allows cells to sense their environment and respond accordingly, influencing processes such as cell migration, proliferation, and survival.

Importance in physiology and pathology: Proper cell adhesion is essential for tissue development, wound healing, immune response, and organ function. Dysregulation of cell adhesion can contribute to pathological conditions such as cancer metastasis, autoimmune diseases, and developmental disorders.

Understanding the mechanisms and regulation of cell adhesion is critical for advancing our knowledge of cellular behavior and tissue function, as well as for developing therapies targeting adhesion-related diseases.