Superradiance, an optical phenomenon that occurs when quantum systems collectively emit light in a coordinated manner, enhances brightness and increases the speed of emission. Although superradiance has been extensively studied in atomic systems, it is rarely used in solid-state and molecular systems. A multidisciplinary team from Rice University and Texas A&M University aims to leverage superradiance to improve spatial resolution and achieve high-throughput in single-molecule tracking (SMT) and superresolution imaging (SRI). These advancements could aid research in multiple areas, from materials science to nanotechnology. “We aim to translate this quantum property into a powerful tool for imaging with potential applications in biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, etc.,” professor Shengxi Huang, the team’s principal investigator, said. SMT and SRI enable scientists to observe molecular-scale processes with exceptional detail. However, these techniques face inherent trade-offs. Achieving high spatial resolution slows down imaging, while speeding up imaging diminishes spatial resolution. Moreover, a fundamental limit constrains how precisely individual molecules can be localized. Shengxi Huang, associate professor of electrical and computer engineering and bioengineering at Rice University, is the principal investigator on a research team that has won an award from the W.M. Keck Foundation. Courtesy of Jeff Fitlow/Rice University. To address these issues, the researchers plan to design a superradiant fluorophore for SMT and SRI. The new fluorophore design will include aggregates of fluorescent molecules and bundles of carbon nanotubes. The fluorophores that are typically used for SMT and SRI contain individual fluorescent molecules, rather than collectives. The superradiant fluorophores could transform SMT and SRI for use in medicine, engineering, and the physical sciences. “By making aggregates of such fluorophores and by achieving superradiance, we will significantly enhance their brightness and emission rate,” Huang said. “Engineering superradiant fluorophores for SRI and SMT could open up unknown worlds with even better spatial resolution and finer temporal resolution.” The project, which will integrate quantum physics with advanced bioimaging techniques, will be supported by an interdisciplinary team that will include experts in quantum physics, materials science, photonic engineering, chemistry, and bioengineering. The team received a $1.2 million award from the W.M. Keck Foundation to advance its development of superradiant fluorophores for SMT and SRI applications. “This project exemplifies the kind of collaboration that is essential for tackling the most complex scientific problems,” professor Junichiro Kono said. By uncovering new ways to use superradiance, the research could deepen scientific understanding of quantum phenomena, in addition to enhancing current imaging technologies. The knowledge gained could translate into advancements in quantum technologies such as new light sources, ultrafast optical switching, quantum energy harvesting, and superradiance-enhanced sensing. “Superradiance offers a fundamentally new way to rethink imaging at the molecular level,” Huang said. “With this technology, we could observe cellular mechanisms in real time and with unmatched clarity. This opens the door to discoveries we’ve only imagined.”