Dave LitwillerMuch of the effort in CMOS image sensor development to date has focused on circuit architectures and on fabrication processes for small devices. Typical applications in this category include cell-phone camera modules, Web cameras and video camera sensors. Compared with CCD technology, the challenges of small CMOS image sensors, especially in high-volume applications, are well-documented and involve issues related to fill factor, noise performance, dark current, uniformity, image lag, microlenses and rolling shutter. 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Two-dimensional FPAs (InGaAs, InSb, and MCT) and Integrated Dewar Cooler Assemblies (IDCAs)...Photonics Buyers' Guide