Embedded AI Localizes Data Processing for Greater Speed, Security

The Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems (IPMS) aims to support more secure, faster data processing by integrating machine learning algorithms into digital devices.

Although AI-enabled devices are firmly integrated with daily life, the processing of data inputs takes place on large, external servers. Embedded artificial intelligence (edge AI) is poised to change this by allowing those processing tasks to take place directly on the device. However, the performance of AI, especially in very small devices, has so far been limited.

Fraunhofer IPMS is integrating artificial intelligence in microsensors and actuators. Courtesy of Fraunhofer IPMS.

The researchers at Fraunhofer IPMS are working to remedy this by networking expertise and developments from disparate research areas. For example, in an internal institute project, findings from microsensor and actuator technology were combined with the latest technologies in nanoelectronics, wireless communication, and processor developments.

The combination enables sensor- or actuator-related signal preprocessing using AI-based methods, providing advantages in low latency processing and more secure data processing while eschewing the need for network connectivity. Additionally, the use of edge AI to process data would enable re-learning locally in the field, so that the system could be optimized for specific on-site boundary conditions.

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Li-Fi GigaDock from Fraunhofer IPMS enables optical data transmission of large amounts of data at low latencies. Courtesy of Fraunhofer IPMS.

Applications of the technology include spectrometers, ISFET (ion-sensitive field-effect transistor) sensors, and ultrasonic imaging for condition monitoring, gesture control, or environmental recognition for collaborative robots.

To support the integration of edge AI via sensor and actuator technologies, the researchers extended the existing RISC-V computing platform EMSA5, with AI functionality based on Tensorflow Lite. Fraunhofer demonstrated the setup at the electronica trade fair in Munich on Nov. 15-18. The researchers also presented some of the institute’s newest developments in intellectual property core technology and optical wireless data transmission at electronica.

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Published: November 2022

Glossary

artificial intelligence: The ability of a machine to perform certain complex functions normally associated with human intelligence, such as judgment, pattern recognition, understanding, learning, planning, and problem solving.
machine learning: Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on the development of algorithms and statistical models that enable computers to improve their performance on a specific task through experience or training. Instead of being explicitly programmed to perform a task, a machine learning system learns from data and examples. The primary goal of machine learning is to develop models that can generalize patterns from data and make predictions or decisions without being...
edge ai: Edge AI, also known as edge artificial intelligence, refers to the deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and models directly on edge devices, such as smartphones, sensors, IoT devices, and embedded systems, rather than relying solely on centralized cloud computing resources. On-device processing: Edge AI involves running AI algorithms and models directly on edge devices, enabling real-time data processing and decision-making without requiring data to be sent to a...
optoelectronics: Optoelectronics is a branch of electronics that focuses on the study and application of devices and systems that use light and its interactions with different materials. The term "optoelectronics" is a combination of "optics" and "electronics," reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of this field. Optoelectronic devices convert electrical signals into optical signals or vice versa, making them crucial in various technologies. Some key components and applications of optoelectronics include: ...
integrated photonics: Integrated photonics is a field of study and technology that involves the integration of optical components, such as lasers, modulators, detectors, and waveguides, on a single chip or substrate. The goal of integrated photonics is to miniaturize and consolidate optical elements in a manner similar to the integration of electronic components on a microchip in traditional integrated circuits. Key aspects of integrated photonics include: Miniaturization: Integrated photonics aims to...

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