Optoacoustic, or photoacoustic, refers to a phenomenon and related techniques that involve the generation of acoustic waves in a material induced by the absorption of light. The term "optoacoustic" combines "opto-" (related to light) and "acoustic"...

A flexible display refers to a type of electronic visual display that is designed to be bendable, foldable, or rollable,...

The study of the optical properties of living tissue. Increased understanding of the behavior of light in this varied,...

Glass containing small quantities of neodymium oxide that is used as a filter plate in color television or as a lasing...

The process of perforating a silicon or ceramic substrate with a series of tiny holes along which it will break. Nd:YAG or...

That part of the science involved in the study of the theory and interpretation of spectra that uses the unique...

A means of achieving higher peak powers and more efficient harmonic generation by narrowing the pulse width and thus...

A multiline laser system refers to a type of laser that is capable of emitting multiple discrete wavelengths or spectral...

An optical testing instrument is a device or system used to evaluate and measure the performance, quality, and...

The technology of generating and harnessing light and other forms of radiant energy whose quantum unit is the photon. The...

Unlike the thermocouple or bolometer, the pyroelectric infrared detector is a current source with an output proportional to...

Optical materials refer to substances or compounds specifically chosen for their optical properties and used in the...

A resonator is a device or system that exhibits resonance, which is a phenomenon that occurs when an external force or...

Azadioxatriangulenium is a type of organic compound with a unique triangular molecular structure. It is often abbreviated as...

An edge-emitting light-emitting diode is a type of LED structure where light emission occurs primarily along the edge of the...

A laser with a gain medium consisting of an organic dye, which is carbon-based. The dye is mixed with a solvent, allowing...

A beam shaper is an optical device or system designed to modify the spatial profile or intensity distribution of a laser or...

In semiconductor physics and materials science, the term "III-V materials" refers to compounds composed of elements from...

Cold atoms refer to atoms that have been cooled to extremely low temperatures, typically in the microkelvin (µK) to...

An LED, or light emitting diode, is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs...

Chip-on-board (COB) lights refer to a type of LED lighting technology where multiple LED chips are directly mounted onto a...

Lasers based on neodymium-doped yttrium or gadolinium vanadate crystals. These include yttrium vanadate (Nd:YVO4),...

Laser marking is a process in which a laser beam is used to mark or engrave a surface by altering its properties or...

The phenomenon that makes nonlinear the mathematical expression for the electrical polarization of a medium through which...

A form of laser output noise that is caused by thermal, mechanical, or acoustical disturbances of the cavity length. Mode...

Laser peening is a surface enhancement technique used to improve the mechanical properties of materials, particularly...

A Ti:sapphire laser is a type of solid-state laser that utilizes a titanium-doped sapphire crystal as the gain medium. The...

Q-switched operation, or q-switching, is a technique used in lasers to produce short and intense pulses of light. The term...

Epitaxial equipment refers to a set of specialized tools and systems used in the process of epitaxy, which is the growth of...

A confocal resonator, also known as a confocal cavity or confocal laser resonator, is a type of optical resonator...

Fusion ignition refers to the point in a controlled nuclear fusion reaction where the energy released by the fusion...

A distributed feedback laser (DFB laser) is a type of semiconductor laser diode designed to emit coherent, narrow-bandwidth...

Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) is a semiconductor alloy composed of gallium (Ga), arsenic (As), and phosphorus (P). It...

Thin-film coatings are layers of material applied to the surface of an object or substrate, typically to modify its optical,...

A solid-state laser is a type of laser that uses a solid gain medium (as opposed to a liquid or gas) to produce coherent...

Laser surgery refers to a medical procedure in which a laser, or focused beam of light, is used as a precision tool to cut,...

Micro-LED (micro-light-emitting diode) refers to a technology that involves the use of very small light-emitting diodes to...

A Nernst glower, also known simply as a Nernst lamp or Nernst filament, is a type of incandescent lamp or radiant heater...

A quantum well is a structure in quantum mechanics that confines particles, such as electrons or holes, in one spatial...

A pulse having extremely short duration, about 10-13 to 10-10 s, that is produced by mode locking of wide-bandwidth lasers,...

A free-electron laser (FEL) is a type of laser that generates coherent, high-intensity electromagnetic radiation by using a...

Whispering gallery mode (WGM) refers to a phenomenon in wave physics, particularly in optics, where waves, such as light or...

A femtosecond laser is a type of laser that emits ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of femtoseconds,...

Flow cytometry is a powerful technique used in biology and medicine for the quantitative analysis of the physical and...

The use of lasers in tailoring of such components as thin-film resistors. The process improves speed and accuracy.

A frequency comb is a precise and regular series of equally spaced spectral lines, or frequencies, that are generated with...

A swept-source laser, also known as a wavelength-swept laser, is a type of laser that rapidly and continuously changes its...

In semiconductor physics, the term bandgap refers to the energy range in a material where no electronic states are allowed....

A diode laser is a type of laser that uses a semiconductor diode as the active medium to generate coherent light....

A YAG crystal refers to a solid-state crystal made of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), which is a synthetic crystalline...

Gallium nitride (GaN) is a compound made up of gallium (Ga) and nitrogen (N). It is a wide-bandgap semiconductor material...

A diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) is a type of laser system that uses semiconductor diode lasers to pump energy into...

Eye blink or head movement in response to bright light. Aversion responses such as blinking are sufficient protection from...

An alexandrite laser is a solid-state laser that utilizes a synthetic crystal made from the rare earth element alexandrite...

Nanophotonics is a branch of science and technology that explores the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, typically at...

Laser drift typically refers to a phenomenon where the frequency or wavelength of a laser source gradually changes over...

A halogen lamp, also known as a tungsten halogen, quartz-halogen, or quartz iodine lamp, is an incandescent lamp that uses a...

Free-space optics (FSO), also known as optical wireless communication or optical wireless networking, refers to the...

Metal used in components of the crystalline semiconductor alloys indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs), indium gallium arsenide...

Array used in coded-aperture imaging experiments with two-beam CO2 lasers that provide an artifact-free process, faithful...

A GaAlAs laser is a type of semiconductor laser diode that emits light in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic...

Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is a method of achieving nuclear fusion, a process where two atomic nuclei combine to...

A medical technology that uses lasers or other light sources in combination with photosensitizing drugs to treat cancerous...

A fiber laser is a type of laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth ions such as...

This type of miniaturized system, referred to as CMOS qPCR, combines microfluidic technology with an ultralow-light CMOS...

A terahertz spectrometer is a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of materials in the terahertz...

An ultrafast pulsed laser is a type of laser that emits extremely short pulses of light with durations typically on the...

A laser, which stands for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation," is a device that produces coherent and...

A type of computer in which the electronic circuits, which process data serially, are replaced by photonic circuits capable...

Silicon carbide (SiC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric current is...

An Er:YAG laser is a type of solid-state laser that uses a crystal made of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet...

A discipline that combines optics and genetics to enable the use of light to stimulate and control cells in living tissue,...

A laser cavity, also known as an optical cavity or resonator, is a fundamental component of a laser system. It is a confined...

Nonlinear optics is a branch of optics that studies the optical phenomena that occur when intense light interacts with a...

A method of creating real three-dimensional models by using lasers driven by CAD software. In contrast to the normal...

Rare earth dopants refer to elements from the lanthanide series, also known as rare earth elements, that are intentionally...

In the context of optics and lasers, a transverse mode refers to a specific spatial pattern of the electric field within the...

A reflection hologram using multiple color lasers that integrates various graphical techniques to allow the display of...

A laser crystal, also known as an active medium or gain medium, is a solid-state material used in the construction of...

A spectroscopic technique in which an excitation band absorbs laser energy resulting in an electronic transition. The...

Sapphire refers to a crystalline form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) that is used in various optical and photonic applications...

Area in which laser operation occurs and therefore safety requirements are met and regulations are implemented. Lasers...

An etalon is an optical device that consists of two parallel reflecting surfaces separated by a precise and known distance....

Abbreviated TEA CO2 laser. A gas laser that provides shorter pulses and higher peak powers than conventional CO2 lasers. The...

A crystalline semiconductor alloy used as the light confinement layer in both single- and double-heterostructure diode...

A fiber-coupled LED (light-emitting diode) refers to an LED device that is optically coupled to an optical fiber for the...

Medical lasers are devices that produce intense beams of light with specific characteristics and properties, which are used...

A quantum cascade laser (QCL) is a type of semiconductor laser that operates based on the principles of quantum mechanics....

One of the first lasers to find practical application. Generally, the pumping mechanism is an electric discharge, although...

A method of measuring complex sequential photosynthetic reactions by varying the pulse time and wavelength of light...

The laser damage threshold refers to the maximum level of laser intensity that a material can withstand without experiencing...

Spectral flow cytometry is an advanced flow cytometry technique that expands the capabilities of traditional flow cytometry...

A pulsed laser that emits a recurring pulsed output. Frequency of the pulses emitted is known as pulsed recurrence frequency...

Indium phosphide (InP) is a compound semiconductor material composed of indium (In) and phosphorus (P). It belongs to the...

Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter...

Optoelectronics is a branch of electronics that focuses on the study and application of devices and systems that use light...

A helium-neon (HeNe) laser is a type of gas laser that emits visible red light at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It operates...

A blue diode laser is a type of semiconductor laser that emits light in the blue wavelength range of the electromagnetic...

The generic term applied to all sources of visible radiation from burning matter to ionized vapors and lasers, regardless of...

Decibels referenced to one milliwatt; often used to specify power ratings for semiconductor diode lasers.

Optical coatings are thin layers of materials applied to optical components, such as lenses, mirrors, filters, and prisms,...

A laser using a dye solution as its active medium. Its output is a short pulse of broad spectral content and its achievable...

Directed energy refers to a type of energy that is emitted and transferred in a controlled direction. The term is often...

Certain color centers in the alkali halides have been optically pumped to produce efficient tunable pulsed and...

Also known as gatling gun laser. A system that has an array of lasers sharing a common central axis on a rotating Fabry...

An endoscope is a medical device used for visualizing and examining the interior of hollow organs, body cavities, or...

An optical table, also known as an optical bench or an optical breadboard, is a specialized platform used in optics...

GaN (gallium nitride) distributed feedback (DFB) lasers refer to a specific type of semiconductor laser based on Gallium...

Nd:YAG laser refers to a solid-state laser that utilizes neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:Y3Al5O12) as the gain...

The laser output refers to the generated and emitted light produced by a laser system. This output is characterized by...

Sapphire crystal refers to a transparent, single-crystal form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) known as corundum. It is one of the...

An LED (light-emitting diode) is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs...

A device similar to distributed feedback lasers in construction and operation, but in which the period grating that produces...

Photonic crystals are artificial structures or materials designed to manipulate and control the flow of light in a manner...

LiFi, short for light fidelity, is a wireless communication technology that utilizes visible light or infrared light to...

Gain-switching is a technique used in lasers to generate short pulses of light by modulating the gain of the laser medium....

Nanopositioning refers to the precise and controlled movement or manipulation of objects or components at the nanometer...

A photonic cavity, also known as an optical cavity, is a structure that confines electromagnetic radiation within a certain...

Quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) is a display technology that utilizes quantum dots, which are semiconductor...

An optical resonator in which feedback is accomplished by two parallel planes. In diode lasers, the planes are obtained by...

Although low in sensitivity (approximately 10-7 m for helium-neon lasers), this holographic technique permits quantitative...

The radiation emitted in semiconductors when electrons in the conduction band recombine with holes in the valence band. If...

1. In optics, the bending of rays away from each other. 2. In lasers, the spreading of a laser beam with increased distance...

Mode-locking is a technique used in lasers to produce ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of picoseconds,...

A stroboscopelike apparatus that uses a copper vapor laser to illuminate an object for very short time periods (about 30 ns).

A crystal, glass, or quartz slicing and cutting machine is a specialized piece of equipment used in the manufacturing...

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is a type of optical filter that is inscribed or "written" into the core of an optical fiber. It...

Laser active elements typically refers to the substances or materials within a laser system that play a critical role in the...

A technique used in holography that involves the mixing of lasers of different wavelengths to produce a beam of shorter...

Mode hopping in the context of lasers refers to a phenomenon where a laser system abruptly switches from one longitudinal...

A laser oscillator in which two mirrors are separated by an amplifying medium with an inverted population, making a...

The purest gas source of antimony, which is used in the manufacture of compound semiconductors for IR sensors and...

A diffraction grating is an optical component consisting of a surface with a periodic structure of equally spaced, parallel...

Volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) are specialized optical elements that consist of periodic variations in refractive index...

In the context of optical materials, the term "impurity level" refers to the presence of foreign atoms or molecules within...

The term "embedded laser" typically refers to a laser device that is integrated or embedded into a larger system or...

Nonlinear polarization refers to the phenomenon where the polarization of a material responds nonlinearly to an applied...

Holmium lasers are a type of medical laser that utilizes holmium-doped crystals as the gain medium. The term holmium laser...

A light therapy that utilizes nonionizing light sources, including lasers, LEDs, and broadband light, in the visible and...

1. The process by which an atom acquires energy sufficient to raise it to a quantum state higher than its ground state. 2....

Devices in which the lasing medium is a vapor of metal atoms or ions, sometimes mixed with another gas. Metal vapor lasers...

A current-source thermal detector used to detect and study the pulses obtained from particular lasers.

Laser-mediated gene transfer refers to a technique in molecular biology and genetic engineering that utilizes lasers to...

In the context of electronics and optics, an isolator refers to a device that allows the transmission of signals in one...

Double-clad fiber (DCF) is a specialized optical fiber that features two concentric cladding layers surrounding a core. The...

Integrated photonics is a field of study and technology that involves the integration of optical components, such as lasers,...

Microscopy is a scientific technique that involves the use of microscopes to observe and study objects that are too small to...

An infrared light source is a device that emits light in the infrared spectrum, which lies beyond the visible spectrum of...

Photoluminescence is a phenomenon in which a material absorbs photons (light) at one wavelength and then re-emits photons at...

The use of two lasers as a master-slave pair in order to control frequency and prevent chirp. When light from the master is...

A laser diode module is a compact device that incorporates a laser diode, optics, and often other components into a single...

Gallium nitride-based light-emitting diodes (GaN-based LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric...

A method of designing lasers whereby the laser rod is cut into elliptical discs and cooled by running water over the disc...

An infrared light-emitting diode (IR LED) is a semiconductor device that emits infrared light when an electric current...

A binary semiconductor compound used as a substrate or active layer for diode lasers.

A high-intensity source of incoherent white light in which a capacitor is discharged through a tube of xenon gas; often used...

1. The variation in intensity of a light beam as it travels through the atmosphere. 2. In radiation physics, a light flash...

In a lens, the square of the radius of its aperture divided by the product of the focal length and the wavelength. It...

In photonics, a lattice refers to a periodic arrangement of optical elements or structures, often on a microscopic or...

Optical cements and adhesives are specialized materials used in the assembly and bonding of optical components in optical...

A characteristic of laser output, calculated by dividing the speed of light by the linewidth of the laser beam. The temporal...

An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a type of light-emitting diode (LED) technology that utilizes organic compounds to...

A parallel plate of glass in such a position that the refracted and reflected rays of incident parallel light are mutually...

An excimer laser is a type of ultraviolet laser that emits short pulses of light in the ultraviolet spectrum. The term...

A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is a compact and integrated device that incorporates multiple photonic components and...

Continuous wave (CW) refers to a type of signal or transmission where the signal is constant and does not vary with time. In...

In optics, "mode beating" refers to an interference phenomenon that can occur in laser systems with multiple longitudinal...

Photoconductive antenna (PCA) is a semiconductor element that generates or detects high-frequency electromagnetic signals....

An exciton is a quasiparticle that represents the bound state of an electron and a hole in a solid-state material, typically...