Self-Contained Light Trap Provides Near-Perfect Light Absorption
Researchers in Austria created a near-perfect “light trap” around a thin layer of material. In the system, the light beam is steered in a circle, then superimposed on itself so that the beam blocks itself and can no longer exit. Applications in light harvesting, energy delivery, and light control could benefit from the trapping approach. The system could provide a way to feed lightwaves from weak light sources, such as distant stars, into a detector.
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In laser powder bed fusion for the additive manufacture of metal parts, local high-temperature molten metal fits the surrounding solid part as a result of thermal expansion. As a negative byproduct of this process, the molten metal generates a negative thermal stress following solidification, which produces an in-plane residual stress. This residual stress accumulates toward the upper layer with the repetitive formation process on each layer and often leads to undesirable effects such as delamination, cracking, and warpage. To address this issue, a team of researchers from Japan and the U.S. proposed an optimized design strategy for additive manufacturing. The team used multiple, distinct processes in the course of the work, including a numerical methodology called “recurrent formula inherent strain method.” This method allowed the team to analyze the residual deformation. The researchers modeled the lattice based on the effective stiffness and anisotropic inherent strain using a gradient-based optimization algorithm.
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Results of a pilot study conducted at the University of Rochester showed that a system based on two-photon fluorescence microscopy (TPFM) enabled rapid diagnosis of nonmelanoma skin cancer through real-time imaging of unprocessed, fresh tissue biopsies. TPFM imaging of nonmelanoma skin cancer was able to occur within minutes of obtaining biopsies, and the system provided histological features comparable to those of conventional histology.
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