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41 terms

Photonics Dictionary: Z

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Z

zeta

atomic number; zepto-

Z-axis modulation

The intensity regulation of a cathode-ray tube by alteration of the grid-cathode voltage.

Z-scan

A technique for determining the nonlinear optical properties of a sample material by moving the sample through a focused laser beam and measuring changes in the beam's characteristics, such as...

Zeeman broadening

Broadening of a spectrum that results from the influence of a magnetic field.

Zeeman effect

The splitting of energy levels of an atom, ion or molecule because of a magnetic field.

Zener diode

A type of semiconductor diode used in voltage-limiting circuits; when voltage reaches a certain value, the device becomes a conductor.

ZENITH

zero-energy nitrogen heated thermal reactor

zenith telescope

A telescope that is fixed or has a limited degree of movement in a vertical plane; primarily used to determine the position of stars near the zenith.

zepto

In the SI system, prefix meaning 10-21. (z).

Zernike's phase contrast method

The introduction of a filter into an imaging system to implement a phase contrast for an intensity mapping of a pure phase image.

zero halogen thermoplastic

A highly flame-retardant material used to jacket fiber optic cables, especially on shipboard applications.

zero order

In an interference pattern, that point where there is no difference between the optical paths of the interfacing wavefronts.

zero phase shift mirror

A mirror that supplies equal reflectance for both the S-polarization and the P-polarization of a laser for a defined angle of incidence, usually 45°.

zero-dispersion wavelength

In a single-mode optical fiber, the wavelength that causes material dispersion and waveguide dispersion to cancel each other. In a multimode fiber, loose term for the wavelength at which there is a...

zero-order filtering

The removal of the zero-order component of the Fourier spectrum distribution of an object with a small, opaque absorber or reflector in the Fourier plane, to produce images that appear bright on a...

zero-order reflection grating

A grating that specularly reflects the specified long radiation wavelengths and diffracts the shorter wavelengths off in known directions, eliminating the interference of randomly scattered radiation.

zero-order retarder

A quarter- or half-wave retarder made from two plates of quartz, mica or polymer with their fast axes crossed; the difference in thickness between the two plates determines the retardance. Zero-order...

zero-order transmission grating

A polyethylene grating that transmits the long wavelengths and diffracts shorter wavelengths in controlled directions.

Zerodur

Zerodur is a type of glass ceramic material known for its exceptional thermal and mechanical properties, particularly its low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) close to zero. It was developed by...

ZES

zero-energy system

zeta particle

The difference in electrokinetic potential between the stationary liquid connected to a solid phase surface and the mobile portion of the liquid's diffuse layer.

ZETR

zero-energy thermal reactor

zetta

In the SI system, prefix meaning 1021. (Z).

zero gravity

ZGS

zero-gradient synchrotron

ZIF

zero insertion force

zinc sulfide

A polycrystalline material that transmits in the infrared; it is used as a phosphor in x-ray and television screens.

ZIP

zinc impurity photodetector

zip-cord

A two-fiber optical cable containing two single-fiber cables that are connected by a strip of jacket and that can easily be separated from one another for the installation of optical connectors.

zirconium arc

A small bulb containing a conducting gas, an arc being formed between a metal ring and a tiny zirconium electrode near the center of the ring. The heated zirconium emits light, and constitutes a...

zirconium fluoride

An infrared transmitting material used in the production of fluoride glasses for optical fibers.

ZISC

zero-instruction-set computing

zodiacal light

The sunlight that extends to the earth after scattering from other solar bodies, mostly from meteorite dust of radii equaling 10-3 cm.

zonal aberration

Spherical or chromatic aberration in a lens having a wide aperture. It is present because the refracting power varies for different zones concentric at the axis. This is the residual when the lens...

zonal constant

A factor that, when multiplied by the average candlepower emitted by a light source in a specified angular zone, reveals the lumens in the zone.

zone axis

Also known as zonal axis. The axis positioned through the center of a crystal that is parallel to a zone edge.

zone plate

A plate of glass, usually a photograph, on which there is a central spot surrounded by concentric annular zones, alternately opaque and transparent, the radii of the boundaries between the zones...

zones

1. In a polished surface, concentric waves that appear as zones in Newton's rings when a test glass is applied. 2. An arrangement of crystal faces that come together in a series of edges, all of...

zoom

To control, by magnifying or reducing, the size of a televised image, either electronically or optically.

zoom lens

An optical system of variable focal length, the focal plane remaining in a fixed position. This result is achieved by moving some of the components of the system along the lens axis, other components...

Photonics DictionaryZ

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