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Photonics Dictionary: K

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k

kilo-

kelvin

kampometer

A device designed to measure radiant energy, particularly in the thermal region.

Kapitza-Dirac diffraction

The diffraction of a particle by a standing lightwave.

kilobytes

kilocycle

kcps

kilocycles per second

KD*P

potassium dideuterium phosphate

KDP

potassium dihydrogen phosphate

Kell factor

In an interlaced scanning electro-optical system such as television, the system resolution will be less than the number of active scan lines because of the random phase nature of the object being...

Kellner eyepiece

An eyepiece consisting of a planoconvex field lens and a cemented doublet as the eye lens.

kelvin

The SI unit of temperature equal to 1°C. See absolute temperature scale.

Keplerian astronomical telescope

A simple form of astronomical telescope that uses a fixed objective and a focusable eyepiece. The objective forms an intermediate image in the instrument, resulting in an image that appears upside...

keratometer

See color perception test equipment; eye test apparatus.

kerf

The material lost during a laser cutting or machining operation.

kernel -> convolution kernel

The group of adjacent pixels on which the convolution process is carried out.

Kerr cell

A cell filled with a transparent material that, when placed in a strong electrical field, exhibits double refraction. Since the two polarized elements of an incident light beam travel at different...

Kerr effect

The Kerr effect, named after the physicist John Kerr who first observed it in 1875, is a nonlinear optical phenomenon where the refractive index of a material changes in response to an applied...

Kerr soliton

A Kerr soliton refers to a specific type of soliton, a self-reinforcing wave packet, that arises in nonlinear optical systems due to the Kerr effect. The Kerr effect is the phenomenon where the...

keV

kilo-electronvolt

Kevlar

E.I. duPont's trade name for an aramid yarn used as a strength member in the jacket of fiber optic cable.

KEW

kinetic energy weapon

keyhole welding

The process of binding or attaching larger metal sheets by laser welding. The effect is generated by higher power densities which, while creating a larger weld, produce a vapor that is penetrated by...

keystone distortion

A type of geometrical distortion that brings about a trapezoidal display of a nominally rectangular picture. Usually produced when a picture is projected abnormally to the screen.

kilogauss

kilogram

kg-cal

kilogram-calorie

kg-m

kilogram-meter

kgf

kilogram force

kHz

kilohertz

kidney-bean effect

A dark region created by spherical aberration of an eyepiece's exit pupil. Because of the aberration, an observer's eye must be at different distances from the eyepiece to view different regions of...

Kikuchi lines

An array of spectral lines formed when a beam of electrons, striking a crystalline solid, is scattered. It is used in the analysis of the crystal structure.

kilo

In the SI system, prefix meaning one thousand, 103.

kilohertz

A unit of frequency that equals 1000 cps. Abbreviated kHz.

kilojoule

A unit of energy or work that is equal to 1000 (103) joules. Abbreviated kJ.

kinematic mount

A mount for an optic element or optics assembly, designed so that all six degrees of freedom are singly constrained. This assures that movement will be prevented, while stress will not be introduced...

kinematics

That portion of physics concerned with motion in the abstract, such as of points or space figures, and separated from its dynamic properties.

kinescope

A cathode-ray tube that serves as a picture tube in a television receiver. The signal representing the picture intensity is transmitted to the electron gun grid so that the beam intensity varies with...

kinetic cooling

An atmospheric nonlinear process unique to CO2 laser wavelengths, whereby CO2 absorbs 10.6-µm radiation and the CO2 molecules in the (100) vibrational state are excited to the (001) level, and...

kinoform

Lens which, by altering the phase, efficiently images through a holographic process.

kinoform filter

A computer-generated kinoform used for data processing because of its use of incoherent light and its wide field of view, which facilitates parallel processing of two-dimensional data.

Kirchhoff's law

For any point on a thermal radiator, at thermal equilibrium and for each wavelength, the emissivity in any direction is equal to the absorptance for radiation from the same direction.

kilojoule

kiloliter

klystron

A thermionic tube that has a velocity-modulated electron stream and that may be used as a microwave amplifier or oscillator.

kilometer

kMc

kilomegacycle

knife-edge scanning microscope

An imaging device originally created to image whole mouse brain volumes at microscopic resolution. The main component of the instrument is an automated microtome and microscope capable of producing...

knife-edge test -> Foucault knife-edge test

The Foucault test is performed by moving a knife edge laterally into the image of a small point source. The eye, or a camera, is placed immediately behind the knife edge, and the exit pupil of the...

Knoop hardness

A measurement of the hardness of a material as determined by the penetration depth of a diamond stylus under a specified amount of pressure.

Photonics DictionaryK

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