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5,268 terms
Photonics Dictionary
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synchronous transmission
A mode of transmission whereby the sending and receiving stations operate continuously at a fixed relationship of phase and frequency, generating signals to control the timing of the data that are to...
synchrotron
A synchrotron is a type of particle accelerator that uses magnetic fields to steer charged particles, typically electrons or positrons, in a closed, circular or elliptical path. The name synchrotron...
synchrotron radiation
Radiation emitted by electrons when they travel in circular orbits at speeds close to that of light. Synchrotron radiation occurs in the x-ray and ultraviolet regions of the spectrum. Once considered...
system
A combination of components arranged so as to perform at least one function.
system-on-chip
A system-on-chip (SoC) is an integrated circuit (IC) that incorporates all necessary components of a computer or electronic system onto a single chip. This typically includes a microprocessor or...
T
transmission; tesla; tera-
t number
The equivalent f number of a fictitious lens that has a circular opening and 100 percent transmittance, which would give the same central illumination as the lens being considered: where...
T stop
->
t number
The equivalent f number of a fictitious lens that has a circular opening and 100 percent transmittance, which would give the same central illumination as the lens being considered: where...
3-D
three-dimensional
t-number
transmission number
tachometer
An instrument designed to measure the rate of rotation of components, such as shafts.
TAI
Temps Atomique International
Talbot's bands
The series of interference bands that appear in the spectrum when a specified glass plate is inserted into a spectroscope, from the side of the blue portion of the spectrum, so that the plate...
Talbot's law
The law stating that the brightness of an object that is examined through a slotted disc, rotating over a critical frequency, is proportional to the angular aperture divided by the opaque sectors.
tangent ogive
In optics, a shape often given to the leading edge of a projectile. In any side view it appears as a pointed arc, while any cross section perpendicular to its long axis appears as a circle.
tangential distortion
Optical aberration such that image magnification varies with ray distance from the optical axis in a radial distortion.
tap
A device for extracting a portion of the optical signal from a fiber.
TAP
target angular position
tapered transmission line
->
tapered waveguide
A waveguide having a characteristic that is altered continuously with the distance traveled, relative to the axis of its path.
tapered undulator
->
undulator magnet
A device used in a free-electron laser to convert the electron-beam's energy into microwave laser radiation by creating a magnetic field of alternating polarity through which the free electrons are...
target
1. The anode or anticathode of an x-ray tube that emits x-rays when bombarded by electrons. 2. The screen in a television imaging tube that is scanned by an electron beam to determine the...
target angular position
Measurement estimated from the position of the image's centroid.
target size and orientation
Angular tracking measurement estimated from the properly normalized image second-moment tensor.
TAS
target acquisition system
Taylor criterion
States that in interferometers in which the separation of the maxima is equal to the half-value width, a slight drop in intensity between fringes is distinguishable and the fringes can be considered...
TDAS
tracking and data acquisition system
TDDM
time division demultiplex
TDI
tachometry displacement integration; time delay integration
TDM
time division multiplexing
TEA laser
->
transversely excited atmosphere laser
Also known as TEA laser. A coherent optical source with a wide wavelength range in the infrared, visible and ultraviolet that uses an electrical discharge transverse to (across) the optical axis to...
tearing
In television, a lateral displacement of the lines from their normal position due to the instability of a synchronizing circuit. Visually, it appears as though parts of the images had been torn away.
technicolor
The color process that is used to form positive color cine films by dye transfer or imbibition, based on the use of separate matrices that superimpose yellow, magenta and cyan dye images on the final...
telecentric lens
There are three types of telecentric lenses: -Image-space telecentric lenses are those in which the aperture stop is located at the front focus, resulting in the chief rays being parallel to the...
telemeter
1. The term used to describe any of the many instruments used to remotely record physical dimensions, such as strain, temperature or pressure, and transmit this data to a receiving station. 2. A...
telemetry
The science of sensing and measuring information at some remote location and transmitting the data to a convenient location for reading or recording.
teleobjective
->
telephoto lens
A compound lens so constructed that its overall length is equal to or less than its effective focal length.
telephoto lens
A compound lens so constructed that its overall length is equal to or less than its effective focal length.
telephoto magnification
->
telephoto ratio
In a telephoto lens, the ratio of the overall length to the focal length of the lens. It is generally about 0.8 to 0.9 in magnitude.
telephoto power
The ratio between the focal length of a lens having a longer focal length than that of the standard lens used with a camera, and the focal length of the standard lens. It is used to provide an...
telephotography
1. A method of photographing distant objects with a lens of long focal length. 2. The reproduction of photographs over a distance by means of electricity.
telephotometry
The principles and techniques involved in the use of telephotometers to measure atmospheric extinction.
teleradiography
A method of taking radiographs at a distance from the object being photographed to decrease distortion.
telescope
An afocal optical device made up of lenses or mirrors, usually with a magnification greater than unity, that renders distant objects more distinct, by enlarging their images on the retina.
telescope lens
A telescope lens is a primary optical component of a telescope system that gathers and focuses light to form an image. It is typically a curved, transparent piece of glass or other optical material...
telescope mount
The base used to hold an astronomical telescope. It may be either altazimuth, with horizontal and vertical axes of rotation, or equatorial, with one axis parallel to the Earth's axis of rotation and...
televise
To transform a picture or image field into a television signal for transmission.
television aperture
The term that represents the size of one of the many small elements into which a television image is necessarily broken down for transmission.
television bandwidth
The span of frequencies within which a single channel of broadcast television must fall; in the US, it is 6 MHz.
television camera
A camera containing an electronic image sensor that converts the image to an electronic signal suitable for television applications.
television line number
The value equal to the raster height divided by the half-period of a periodic test pattern.
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Photonics Dictionary
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