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5,268 terms
Photonics Dictionary
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refracted ray
A light ray that has had its direction altered because of its traversing an air-to-glass interface at some angle. In an optical waveguide, a ray that is refracted from the core into the cladding.
refracted wave
A wave of radiation that has undergone refraction.
refracting sphere
A transparent sphere that has an index of refraction that is different from that of the medium surrounding it; used in optics to demonstrate refraction and astigmatic image formation.
refraction
The bending of oblique incident rays as they pass from a medium having one refractive index into a medium with a different refractive index.
refractive index
->
index of refraction
The ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to the velocity of light in a refractive material for a given wavelength.
refractive index contrast
A measure of the relative difference in refractive index between two optical materials. Most commonly used in fiber optics where the refractive index contrast, D, is given as follows: where n1 equals...
refractive index liquids
A closely spaced series of well-known chemicals having a refractive index lying between 1.33 for water and 1.95 for a solution of phosphorus in carbon disulfide. They are used to identify powdered...
refractive index profile
The description of the refractive index along a fiber diameter.
refractive index structure function
The mean square difference in refractive index for two separate points in space.
regenerative repeater
A repeater that is designed for digital transmission. Also called a regenerator.
region-of-interest processing
Image processing operations performed on one area of an image.
registration shift
A shift in the apparent position of an object when an optical element is added or removed.
regular reflection
->
specular reflection
Pertaining to the manner in which light is reflected, as by a mirror or speculum.
relative aperture
The ratio of the diameter of the entrance pupil in an optical system to the equivalent focal length of that system. The relative aperture is denoted as a fraction in which f, the equivalent focal...
relative brightness
A figure of merit corresponding to the amount of light seen by a viewer through binoculars. A higher number indicates a brighter image in low-light situations. The relative brightness value is...
relative dispersion
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dispersive power
A measure of the dispersive properties of a glass. The relative dispersion is defined as: where C, D, and F refer to the material's index of refraction at the three chief Fraunhofer lines in the...
relative equilibrium
The steady state of temperature exhibited by a material that has absorbed and emitted radiation equally.
relay condenser
A form of lens assembly used in a projection system to maximize efficiency and assure uniform illumination of the object being projected.
relief
The discernment of depth or apparent difference in distance that causes the object to stand out from its background because of stereoscopic vision. The impression of relief can be obtained from the...
rem
The unit of the dose of any radiation that produces the same biological effect as one roentgen of x-ray.
remote active spectrometer
A device employed to identify toxic agents lingering on the ground or in the air from up to three miles away, by using laser beams to detect infrared light-absorption patterns that can be analyzed to...
remote display unit
A display device, such as a cathode-ray tube, that is located at some distance from the source generating the displayed information.
remote inspection
Remote inspection refers to the process of inspecting, evaluating, or monitoring assets, equipment, infrastructure, or systems from a distance, typically using remote sensing technologies and...
remote laser welding
A robotic process commonly employed by automakers that enables high-speed and flexible production throughput by using swiveling optics for precise beam positioning.
remote sensing
Remote sensing is a method of data collection and observation where information about objects, areas, or phenomena on Earth's surface is gathered from a distance, typically using sensors onboard...
repeatability
The degree to which a predetermined or previous setting of a positioning device can be duplicated by observance of the optical phenomena.
repeater
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optical repeater
In an optical fiber or waveguide communications system, an optoelectronic device or module that receives an optical signal, converts this optical signal to an electrical signal which is then...
replica grating
A reproduction made of an original grating -- usually by casting thermosetting plastics onto the original -- to avoid the high expense of making the original gratings.
replicated optics
Optical components, usually reflectors, produced using proprietary techniques that transfer the precision of a master to a number of elements.
representative fraction
Ratio between map or photo linear distance and the actual ground dimensions represented.
repressing
->
molded blank
A blank whose basic surface curves are attained by heating and forming a given weight of raw glass; a rough glass blank resembling the finished lens in size and shape. After molding, a precision lens...
residual absorption and scattering
Loss mechanisms that degrade the performance of all thin-film optical devices by removing radiant flux out of the specular beams.
residual blue
The optical phenomenon in which white light dispersed by small particles in suspension appears blue when viewed through a suitable Nicol prism.
resistor
A device having electrical resistance and used in an electric current for purposes of protection, operation or control of current.
resistor trimming
->
laser resistor trimming
In hybrid or monolithic integrated circuits, the laser ablation of a portion of resistor material to achieve the design resistance value of the circuit.
resolution
1. In optics, the ability of a lens system to reproduce the points, lines and surfaces in an object as separate entities in the image. 2. The minimum adjustment increment effectively achievable by a...
resolution chart
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resolution target
A chart on paper or glass containing a series of sets of lines at progressively smaller spacing and used to ascertain the limiting number of lines per millimeter that an optical system is capable of...
resolution target
A chart on paper or glass containing a series of sets of lines at progressively smaller spacing and used to ascertain the limiting number of lines per millimeter that an optical system is capable of...
resolution test chart
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resolution target
A chart on paper or glass containing a series of sets of lines at progressively smaller spacing and used to ascertain the limiting number of lines per millimeter that an optical system is capable of...
resolving power
A measure of an optical system's ability to produce an image which separates two points or parallel lines on the object. See Rayleigh criterion of resolving power.
resolving power chart
->
resolution target
A chart on paper or glass containing a series of sets of lines at progressively smaller spacing and used to ascertain the limiting number of lines per millimeter that an optical system is capable of...
resonance
Resonance can be defined in various contexts, including physics, chemistry, and music. Here are definitions for resonance in a few different fields: Physics: In physics, resonance refers to the...
resonance absorption (light)
The re-emission of absorbed energy, having the same wavelength as the incident energy, in an arbitrary direction from a particle because of an energy level transition within the material.
resonance fluorescence
In atomic fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence emitted by an atom at a spectral line of a wavelength identical to that of the stimulating radiation.
resonance ionization spectroscopy
A type of ultrasensitive laser spectroscopy that can detect quantities as small as a single atom of some substances and that can differentiate between isobars of different elements.
resonance radiation
That radiation emitted by an atom or molecule that has the same frequency as that of an incident particle; e.g., a photon. It generally involves a transition to the lowest energy level of the atom or...
resonance spectrum
The fluorescent emission spectrum emitted by certain substances following the irradiation of one of these substances with light that is of the same wavelengths as its fluorescence.
resonant cavity
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resonator
A resonator is a device or system that exhibits resonance, which is a phenomenon that occurs when an external force or stimulus is applied at a specific frequency, causing the system to oscillate...
resonator
A resonator is a device or system that exhibits resonance, which is a phenomenon that occurs when an external force or stimulus is applied at a specific frequency, causing the system to oscillate...
resorption
The absorption of a material by a medium or system that has formerly been released from absorption by that same medium or system.
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Photonics Dictionary
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