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5,268 terms
Photonics Dictionary
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radiation-monitoring film
The film used in photographic dosimetry to record the types and amounts of ionizing radiation, such as x-rays and gamma rays, present in an area for a set interval of time. The negative produced by...
radiation-shielding windows
Plates of glass containing as many heavy metal oxides as can be dissolved in the glass without causing devitrification. The glass is yellow, very heavy and has a high refractive index. It is almost...
radiative recombination
->
band-to-band photoluminescence
The emission of a photon by the return of an excited carrier from the conduction band to the valence band of a semiconductor along a radiative recombination path. The resulting photoluminescence...
radio astronomy
The detection and analysis of naturally formed extraterrestrial electromagnetic radiation within the radio frequency range of the spectrum.
radio frequency
The frequency range for radio and television transmission.
radio telescope
An instrument designed to collect naturally formed extraterrestrial electromagnetic radiation within the radio frequency range of the spectrum in amounts sufficient to be measured.
radioactivity detector
An instrument used to detect radioactive materials: alpha particles or helium nuclei; beta particles or free electrons; and gamma rays, which are x-rays of very short wavelength. They may be detected...
radioautograph
The photographic image of a thin specimen having a radioactive isotope that, formed through contact between the specimen and a photographic plate, displays the distribution of the radioactive...
radiography
A photographic process using x-ray radiation or the g-rays of radioactive materials.
radiology
The study of radioactive substances and high-energy radiations such as x-rays and g-rays.
radiometer
A device used to measure the intensity of radiant energy.
radiopaque
Incapable of being penetrated by any form of radiation.
radioparent
Capable of being penetrated by some form of radiation.
radiophotography
The transmission of photographic images or pictures by radio waves.
radiophotoluminescence
The luminescence displayed when particular minerals are irradiated with β-rays and g-rays, after being exposed to nuclear radiation.
radix
Total number of characters available to each position of a digital numeric system.
RAI
random access integration
rail
->
optical bench
A support for optical parts comprising a solid bed that permits precise longitudinal movement of one component relative to the others, and a number of sliders equipped with holders for lenses, lamps,...
rainbow hologram
Essentially, a hologram of a hologram, in which the first-generation hologram is masked with a narrow slit. During image reconstruction, the slit operates as the exit pupil in image space. The...
Raman absorption
The absorption of part of the photon energy by a molecule through which there is a slight energy change and the energy balance moves on.
Raman fiber probe
A flexible fiber cable with a small diameter that transports light from the excitation laser to the target. Used in Raman spectroscopy, the probe is capable of obtaining high-quality data at high...
Raman laser
->
Raman scattering
Raman scattering, also known as the Raman effect or Raman spectroscopy, is a phenomenon in which light undergoes inelastic scattering when interacting with matter, such as molecules, crystals, or...
Raman scattering
->
Raman scattering
Raman scattering, also known as the Raman effect or Raman spectroscopy, is a phenomenon in which light undergoes inelastic scattering when interacting with matter, such as molecules, crystals, or...
Raman scattering
Raman scattering, also known as the Raman effect or Raman spectroscopy, is a phenomenon in which light undergoes inelastic scattering when interacting with matter, such as molecules, crystals, or...
Raman spectroscopy
Raman spectroscopy is a technique used in analytical chemistry and physics to study vibrational, rotational, and other low-frequency modes in a system. Named after the Indian physicist Sir C.V. Raman...
random noise
Essentially, noise that cannot be predicted. Therefore, even if the magnitude of sound or oscillation in a system is known at a given moment, random noise can change in a short time.
range axis
The third dimension (depth or Z-axis) in an imaging system.
rangefinder
1. An optical distance finder that depends on triangulation of two convergent beams on an object from disparate view points. 2. A device that depends on the measurement of time of wave travel from an...
rapid rectilinear lens
A double meniscus system in which two achromatized meniscus lenses are arranged symmetrically on either side of the aperture stop, reducing or eliminating distortion, coma and lateral color.
rare earth dopants
Rare earth dopants refer to elements from the lanthanide series, also known as rare earth elements, that are intentionally introduced into the crystal lattice of a material to modify its properties....
rare gas halide laser
->
excimer laser
An excimer laser is a type of ultraviolet laser that emits short pulses of light in the ultraviolet spectrum. The term excimer is derived from excited dimer, reflecting the nature of the gain medium...
rare-earth doped fiber
An optical fiber in which ions of a rare-earth element, such as neodymium, erbium or holmium, have been incorporated into the glass core matrix, yielding high absorption with low loss in the visible...
rare-earth elements
Rare-earth elements (REEs) are a group of seventeen chemical elements found in the Earth's crust, characterized by their unique properties and scarcity relative to other elements. Despite their name,...
rarefaction
In a gas, the temporary drop in density caused by contact with a sound wave.
raster
The pattern of lines traced by rectilinear scanning in display systems.
raster scan display
A display in which regeneration takes place serially at a fixed speed in a set pattern through the scan lines.
Raster scanning
Raster scanning is a technique used in imaging and scanning systems to systematically capture and process information from a two-dimensional area or surface. It involves moving a sensor or scanning...
raster unit
The vertical or horizontal distance between two addressable points on a display screen; indicates the basic resolution element of a terminal.
ratiometry
Ratiometry is a technique used in various scientific fields, particularly in analytical chemistry and biochemistry, to measure concentrations or quantities by comparing the intensity of two different...
ray
A geometric representation of a light path through an optical device; a line normal to the wavefront indicating the direction of radiant energy flow.
ray intercept plot
A graph of the intersections of a fan of rays with the final image plane, plotted as a function of the positions of the rays in the pupil of the system.
ray tracing
Ray tracing is a rendering technique used in computer graphics to simulate the way light interacts with objects in a scene. It involves tracing the path of rays of light as they travel through a...
Rayleigh criterion of resolving power
When a lens system with a circular aperture is free of aberrations, the image of a point object will appear as a disc of finite size surrounded by concentric rings. When two points are separated such...
Rayleigh interferometer
A device that is used to determine the index of refraction of a gas or liquid through the interference patterns formed by two beams of light, one of which has been transmitted by the sample. A single...
Rayleigh limit
The restriction of wavefront error to within a quarter of a wavelength of a true spherical surface to assure essentially perfect image quality.
Rayleigh line
That element of a spectrum line in scattered radiation having a frequency equal to that of the corresponding incident radiation, due to ordinary or Rayleigh scattering.
Rayleigh prism
A prism system designed to produce a very high dispersion of light.
Rayleigh range
In the region of a Gaussian beam focus by a diffraction-limited lens, it is the axial distance from the point of minimum beam waist (Wo) to the point where the beam diameter has increased to .
Rayleigh scattering
Rayleigh scattering is a phenomenon that occurs when light waves interact with particles or molecules that are much smaller than the wavelength of the light. It is named after the British scientist...
RBOC
regional Bell operating company
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Photonics Dictionary
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