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Zurich Instruments AG - Challenge Us 10/24 MR

PI Physik Instrumente - Microscope Stages HP ROS 11/24

8,726 terms

Photonics Dictionary

gas chromatography

gigacycles

GCFR

gas-cooled fast reactor

GCMS

gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy

GCP

ground control point

GDD

group delay dispersion

GDL

gas dynamic laser

GEDI lidar

The global ecosystem dynamics investigation (GEDI) lidar is a state-of-the-art spaceborne instrument designed to study Earth's forests and ecosystems in three dimensions. Developed by NASA, GEDI is...

gegenschein-zodiacal light photometer

A photometer used to measure sky brightness and polarization associated with zodiacal light, background starlight, F-region airglow and spacecraft corona.

Geiger counter

Also called Geiger-Müller counter. An instrument designed to detect and measure radioactivity through the use of a gas-filled metallic tube containing a needle electrode. Radiation traveling...

Geissler tube

A specific gas-filled tube designed to illustrate the luminous effects of discharges through rarefied gases.

generating

A rapid roughing process for the quick removal of glass, the first step in manufacture of a curved lens surface. It is accomplished with coarse emery or a diamond-impregnated tool.

generating mark

The curved mark formed when, in the process of generating, a loose or coarse diamond particle from the generating tool scores the work so deeply that subsequent fine grinding or polishing cannot...

genlock

A device used to lock the internal synchronization generator of a television camera to an external source.

geodimeter

Trade name referring to an instrument that determines surface distances by measuring the length of time it takes for a modulated lightwave to reach a mirror and be reflected to its point of origin.

GEODSS

ground-based electro-optical deep space surveillance system

geometric center

The physical center of the lens; it is on the axis of the lens, halfway between the front and rear vertex. It is sometimes referred to as the mechanical center of the lens.

geometric concentration -> area concentration

The ratio of aperture area over receiving area for a specific lens. Also called geometric concentration.

geometric extent -> etendue

A product of the area of a light beam (normal to its direction of propagation) and the solid angle that the beam includes; flux per unit radiance or luminance. Alternative terms: geometric extent,...

geometric image

The position and shape of the image of a point source, as predicted by geometric optics alone. The geometric image is to be differentiated from the diffraction image, which is determined from...

geometric metamerism

Metamerism that occurs when the geometry of illumination or viewing is changed.

geometric operations

In image processing, mathematical operations that change spatial geometry, as for instance scaling, translating, rotating or otherwise manipulating the perspective. Also called geometric manipulation.

geometric optics

A field of physics that deals with light as if it truly were composed of rays diverging in various directions from the source and abruptly bent by refraction or turned by reflection into paths...

geometric phase shifting

A technique used to create an achromatic phase shift based on the principle of geometric phase. The phase shift is experienced by a light beam as a result of a cyclic change in its state of...

Geometrical optics

The area of optics in which the propagation of light is described by geometrical lines (or rays) governed by Fermat's Principle. Geometrical optics is useful as long as the objects in which the light...

georectification

The superposition of satellite or aerial images with a map in order to process and remove distortion. Uses reference points from map to align and apply information.

GEOS

geodetic Earth orbiting satellite; geosynchronous Earth observation system

geosynchronous satellite

A man-made satellite that orbits 35,680 km from the Earth at a rate of one orbit per 24-hour period, thereby retaining its initial relative alignment with the Earth.

GEPON

Gigabit Ethernet passive optical network

germanate glass

A type of glass used in near-infrared optical components, in which germanium is used as a cation instead of silicon.

germanium

A crystalline semiconductor material that transmits in the infrared.

germanium crystal

Germanium crystal refers to a crystalline form of the element germanium (Ge), which is a metalloid and semiconductor commonly used in various electronic and optical applications. Germanium crystals...

germanium detector

A type of photoconductive detector in which germanium, usually doped with boron, gallium and indium, serves as a semiconductor and can detect up to and beyond 100 µm.

germicidal UV

Germicidal ultraviolet (GUV) refers to a specific range of UV radiation that has disinfectant properties capable of killing or inactivating microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The...

getter

In vacuum deposition, a device that removes contaminants from the vacuum chamber.

GeV

gigaelectron volt

GFF

gain-flattening filter

GFP

green fluorescent protein

GGG

gadolinium gallium garnet

GHOST

global horizontal and sounding technique

ghost

1. A faint second image caused by reflection that is sometimes seen when observing through an optical instrument. 2. With respect to spectroscopy, a false image of a spectral line formed by...

GHz

gigahertz

graded index

giga

A prefix that is used to represent 109 or 1,000,000,000 in the SI system.

GigE

GigE, short for gigabit Ethernet, refers to a standard for high-speed Ethernet communication, capable of transmitting data at rates of up to 1 gigabit per second (Gbps), or 1000 megabits per second...

gimbal mount

An optical mounting device that permits adjustment around two perpendicular and intersecting axes of rotation.

Gires-Tournois interferometer

An interferometer similar in construction to a Fabry-Perot interferometer but having a rear mirror with high reflectivity, allowing light to escape only at the partially reflective front mirror.

Glan spectrophotometer

Glan-Foucault prism

A type of birefringent polarizing prism that transmits the extraordinary ray and removes the ordinary ray through total internal reflection. It consists of two calcite prisms with an air gap...

Glan-Thompson prism

A prism resembling a Nicol prism but having faces normal to the axis and the two parts divided by a glycerine film. Also known as Glan prism.

Photonics Dictionary

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