Photonics Dictionary

A measuring eyepiece with a screw-micrometer-driven crosshair used to measure the size of the image.

In solar energy technology, the percent of usable land covered by collectors. The horizontal collector is the only design that exhibits 100 percent fill factor.

The ratio of active to inactive areas on a pixel.

The site behind the lens system in a camera where photographic media are positioned for exposure.

A mechanism in a camera designed to position the film in the focal plane for exposure.

A device used to scan images or information on photographic film for the subsequent relay of information.

An instrument designed to place nongraphic information, usually generated by a computer, onto photographic film. The information is generally encoded as a series of opaque and translucent spots, or...

The process by which the light from the images of photographic film is encoded into electrical signals for video transmission.

An interferometer spectrometer designed to measure thicknesses of thin films or layers by recording the interferogram and by having a computer within the instrument to establish the distance between...

The butt (edge to edge) splice of two pieces of film produced by a heat splicer that melts the edges together; used in editing motion picture film.

Filoviruses are a family of viruses that are responsible for severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fevers in humans and non-human primates. The name "filovirus" is derived from their filamentous...

1. With respect to radiation, a device used to attenuate particular wavelengths or frequencies while passing others with relatively no change. 2. See digital filter.

The necessary increase of a photograph's exposure time as the result of the additional absorption of light by the filter being used.

A grating used as a reflectance filter, particularly in the far-infrared. Small plane gratings, blazed for the wavelength of the unwanted radiation, are produced for this purpose.

A function used in a convolution filtering operation. The image to be filtered is convolved with the filtering kernel to obtain the enhanced image.

A spectrophotometer that makes use of filters to isolate narrow bands of the spectrum.

A device that holds a number of filters and allows the filter with the desired characteristics to be rotated into an optical aperture.

A low-power telescope with a wide field of view, typically attached to a higher power telescope with a narrower field of view. This enables an observer to locate a celestial object with the...

For a Fabry-Perot interferometer or etalon, a value for the transmission bandwidth which can be calculated as the ratio of the free spectral range to the full width half maximum of the transmission...

A fixed-focus camera designed to record the ink impression of fingerprints that have been impressed on a card or form for record purposes.

A grinding process that employs fine emery.

A method used to produce precision spherical and aspheric molded glass lenses without grinding or polishing.

A finite version of Shannon's sampling theorem that states that a class of functions can be reconstructed exactly by a sufficient number of spectral samples; the reconstructed function is an explicit...

Small clefts or fissures that penetrate the glass surface in the form of short-hooked crescents. Fire cracks result from a sudden excessive change in temperature.

The principal point of a lens relative to the object space.

The spectral transmission window in silica-based fibers between 830 and 850 nm.

The separate spectral lines formed by a diffraction grating that are characterized by one wavelength difference in path length between adjacent slits.

The process of grinding the concave surface of a single-vision spherical lens.

The process of grinding the toric surface of a single vision sphero-cylindrical lens.

A type of wide-angle lens that has an angular field above 140° and that exhibits barrel distortion. The most commonly used fish-eye lenses have a field of about 180°, though they are...

The locus of points in a system along a line that remains stationary while the remainder of the system rotates.

Describes devices that are not provided with a means of focusing.

Fixed-pattern noise is the measure of the static (nontemporal) differences between pixels when the detector is evenly illuminated. In microbolometers, this effect is mostly caused by mismatch between...

Fizeau fringes are interference fringes observed in an interferometer, specifically in a Fizeau interferometer. The Fizeau interferometer is named after the French physicist Armand Fizeau, who...

A Fizeau interferometer is an interferometric device that uses the principle of interference to measure the surface flatness and quality of optical components. It consists of a light source,...

A device used to measure the speed of light by adjusting the rotation of a toothed wheel so that light passing through one tooth opening is reflected through the next. This device has since been...

A technique in photometry that uses an oxyhydrogen or oxyacetylene flame to optically excite a solution containing the sample to be analyzed.

The use of high temperatures, between 2000 and 3000 °C, to excite emission lines from a sample in spectroscopic analysis.