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8,289 terms
Photonics Dictionary
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differential mode attenuation
The variation in attenuation among the propagating modes of an optical fiber.
differential mode delay
Differential mode delay (DMD) is a parameter used to characterize the propagation characteristics of optical fibers, particularly in multimode fiber optic systems. It refers to the difference in...
differential phase-shift keying
A type of phase-shift keying using a one-bit delay line.
differential pulse code modulation
A method of coding image data by storing in memory only differences in brightness of each pixel from that of its nearest horizontal neighbors: that is, it is the change in brightness rather than the...
differential quantum efficiency
The slope of the curve when output is plotted against input for quantum efficiency in a device.
differential spectrophotometry
The measurement of the spectrum bands formed by a spectroscopic sample, based on the differences between the sample and the reference cell it is placed in.
diffraction
Diffraction is a fundamental wave phenomenon that occurs when a wave encounters an obstacle or aperture, causing the wave to bend around the edges and spread out. This effect is most commonly...
diffraction angle
The angle that lies between the direction of an incident light beam and any resulting diffracted beam.
diffraction efficiency
Diffraction efficiency is a measure of how effectively a diffractive optical element (DOE) or diffraction grating directs light into specific diffraction orders or achieves a desired optical effect....
diffraction fanning
The formation of a fan of light or energy rays in a beam as the beam passes through an extremely narrow aperture.
diffraction grating spectrograph
A spectrograph that uses a diffraction grating as its dispersive element in place of a prism, and yields greater resolving power, more dispersion and a linear spectrum.
diffraction grating
A diffraction grating is an optical component consisting of a surface with a periodic structure of equally spaced, parallel grooves or rulings. These rulings act as an array of closely spaced slits...
diffraction image
->
geometric image
The position and shape of the image of a point source, as predicted by geometric optics alone. The geometric image is to be differentiated from the diffraction image, which is determined from...
diffraction limited
The property of an optical system whereby only the effects of diffraction determine the quality of the image it produces.
diffraction pattern
The interference pattern formed by light waves diffracted at the edges of an object as seen on a screen placed in their path.
diffraction rings
1. The ring patterns of light that seem to encircle particles in the field of a microscope. 2. See Newton's rings.
diffraction scattering
Elastic scattering that occurs when inelastic processes eliminate particles from the beam.
diffraction spectrum
In spectroscopy, the parallel bands that vary in lightness and darkness or color, and that are formed when light is diffracted by a sample.
diffraction velocimeter
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laser velocimeter
A system that uses a continuous-wave laser to measure the velocity of an object by focusing the laser beam on the object, perpendicular to its direction of motion. An optical grating receives...
diffractive optical processors
Diffractive optical processors are optical devices that utilize diffractive optics principles to perform various computational tasks, such as image processing, pattern recognition, and optical...
diffractive optics
Optical elements that use diffraction to control wavefronts. Diffractive optical elements include diffraction gratings, surface-relief diffractive lenses, holographic optical elements and...
diffractometer
A measurement device used to study the structure of matter using the diffraction of electromagnetic radiation.
diffractometry
The study of the diffraction of beams of a wave by matter to ascertain the structure of the matter.
diffrimicroscopy
->
zero-order filtering
The removal of the zero-order component of the Fourier spectrum distribution of an object with a small, opaque absorber or reflector in the Fourier plane, to produce images that appear bright on a...
diffuse illumination
Light emitted by one or more sources and characterized by a high degree of scatter.
diffuse reflectance
Ratio of diffusely reflected flux to incident flux.
diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a nondestructive analytical technique used to investigate the optical properties of materials, particularly in the field of spectroscopy. Unlike traditional...
diffuse reflection
Nonspecular reflection from a rough surface.
diffuse reflector
A reflecting surface that scatters radiation that is incident on it, thus producing diffuse reflection.
diffuse-cutting filter
A color filter that is designed to gradually increase or decrease its absorption with wavelength.
diffuser
An optical diffuser is an optical component or material designed to scatter or diffuse light that passes through it. It is used to create a more even or uniform illumination, reduce glare, or soften...
diffusing filter
A filter purposely made to be placed before a lens to render the image rather unclear.
diffusing screen
In printing, a translucent screen used with lenses to provide an even distribution of diffused light.
diffusion (light)
->
light diffusion
Light diffusion refers to the process by which light is scattered or spread out in various directions as it interacts with a medium or material. Unlike direct transmission through a transparent...
diffusion disk
An embossed or marked disk, constructed out of a transparent material and used with a camera system to soften an image.
diffusion pump
A vacuum pump in which heated oil or another substance is forced through jets as a vapor that collides with gas molecules and carries them away from the chamber being evacuated.
dig
A cosmetic defect on the surface of an optical element. A dig is nearly equal in terms of its length and width. The size is specified numerically by its average diameter in 1/100 of a millimeter;...
digital
Denoting the use of binary notation; i.e., the representation of data by bits (1 or 0).
digital camera
A digital camera is a device that captures and records still images or video in digital format. Unlike traditional film cameras, which use photographic film to capture and store images, digital...
digital delay generator
An instrument that can preselect intervals, often in increments of 1, 10 or 100 ns, for the generation of electronic pulses by means of front-panel switches. Also called a time-delay generator.
digital filter
A linear computation or algorithm performed on a selected series in the form of an input signal that produces a new series as output. The computational device may be a specifically designed...
digital holographic microscopy
Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is an advanced imaging technique that combines holography and digital image processing to capture and reconstruct three-dimensional images of objects. This method...
digital image processing
The technique by which an analog image is converted by any of several means into a finite array of points, each represented by some numerical value. Once created, this array can be the basis of a...
digital optical processing
The scanning of photographs or transparencies of images, either by a vidicon camera or flying spot scanner, for the conversion of the images to digital form for storage on magnetic tape.
digital photography
A form of photography in which an electronic camera converts an image to an electronic signal that is stored in digital format on magnetic media or film.
digital point system
A pixel-based computer graphics system that simulates the tools of an artist.
digital radiography
Medical diagnostic (x-ray) imaging using laser printers to produce high-resolution digital hard copy instead of film exposed by phosphor-intensifying screens, thus providing radiologists with greater...
digital signal processing
Digital signal processing (DSP) refers to the manipulation and analysis of signals, which are representations of physical quantities that vary over time or space. In the context of DSP, these signals...
digital subtraction
The process by which the values of one digital image of an object or scene are removed from a second slightly different image of the same object or scene.
digital video compression
A step-by-step method of reducing the amount of data in a digital video signal to transmit or store a high-quality image. The digitized picture is analyzed, and fine detail and redundant pixels,...
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Photonics Dictionary
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