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8,289 terms
Photonics Dictionary
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ns x
dark frame
A frame taken to identify electronic noise in a CCD imaging device. A dark frame is recorded without exposing the CCD to any external light by, for example, leaving the shutter of a CCD camera...
dark mirror
A multilayer coating that manifests both a low radiant reflectance and radiant absorption.
dark noise
The noise produced in a photodetector when the photocathode is shielded from all external optical radiation and operating voltages are applied.
dark operate mode
An operate mode in which the sensor is programmed to perform a task such as generating output when the light level falls below a certain threshold.
dark signal
->
dark current
The current that flows in a photodetector when there is no optical radiation incident on the detector and operating voltages are applied.
dark space
The portion of a glow discharge tube that permits little or no light transmission.
dark-field disc
A disc contained within an electronic cell counter for regulating light transmission.
dark-field illumination
The transmission of light by a condenser to observe either very small particles or very fine lines with a microscope.
dark-field microscopy
A technique whereby the sample is illuminated by a hollow cone of light larger than the acceptance angle of the objective, so that only scattered light is seen, revealing any irregularities of the...
dark-field photomicrography
A photomicrographic recording technique that utilizes dark-field illumination to render an image of an object having a refractive index much like that of the medium holding it. The object may be...
dark-line spectrum
A spectrum having some lines that are darker than others or that contrast against a light, continuous-spectrum background.
darkening
The formation of a dark-colored film on a metal surface by chemical activity.
darkroom
A room that is light-tight, permitting total darkness or illumination with a safelight when working with photosensitive materials.
DARLI
digital angular readout by laser interferometry
DARPA
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
DAS
differential absorption scattering; detector angular subtense; dual attachment station
data acquisition systems
A data acquisition (DAQ) system is a combination of hardware and software used to collect, process, and analyze data from physical phenomena or processes. data acquisition system suppliers...
data analysis display
An accurate cathode-ray tube display used to provide visual representation stored in a computer for the interpretation and evaluation of the data.
data analysis software
Data analysis software is a category of software tools used for the systematic examination of data sets to uncover patterns, trends, relationships, and insights. It supports a range of analytical...
data bus
A system incorporated into fiber optic data communications characterized by several spatially distributed terminals that are served with the same multiplexed signal.
data compression
A method of storing digital data using techniques that consume less memory space than basic methods do. See differential pulse code modulation; run end coding; run length coding.
data cube
A multidimensional array of values that is commonly used in programming to describe a time series of image data. Each dimension in the data cube represents a new attribute, while the cells of the...
data link
The communications network between nodes of a data transmission system.
daylight lamp
An incandescent or fluorescent lamp whose emittance spectrum resembles that of daylight.
dBm
Decibels referenced to one milliwatt; often used to specify power ratings for semiconductor diode lasers.
DC
direct current
DC blocking
->
zero-order filtering
The removal of the zero-order component of the Fourier spectrum distribution of an object with a small, opaque absorber or reflector in the Fourier plane, to produce images that appear bright on a...
DCFP
dynamic cross-field photomultiplier
DCG
dichromated gelatin
DCM
dispersion compensation module
DCS
data collection system; digital access and cross-connect systems; dual-cone scanner
DDS
doped deposited silica (Corning process)
DE
display electronics
de Broglie wavelength
The concept of the de Broglie wavelength exploits the wave-particle duality of quantum physics by associating all matter (of all sizes) with wavelike properties. The de Broglie wavelength states that...
DEA
display electronics assemblies
deblocking
The removal of optical elements from a block.
Debot effect
The conversion of an internal latent image into a surface latent image through exposure to infrared radiation. The converse of the Herschel effect.
Debye effect
The selective absorption of electromagnetic waves by a liquid made up of molecules with permanent dipole movement.
Debye-Scherrer-Hull method
->
x-ray analysis
The series of processes used to identify and evaluate crystal structure by using crystalline solids to diffract x-rays. In the Laue method, radiation of a wide range of wavelengths is transmitted by...
Debye-Sears ultrasonic cell
A device used in ultrasonic imaging to measure the velocity and attenuation of compressional waves in a transparent liquid by virtue of acoustic waves set up in the liquid. The wavefronts serve as a...
decentering
1. The grinding or edging of a lens so that the geometrical center and optical center do not coincide. 2. The shifting of an optical element from the system's optical axis, sometimes done on purpose...
decentration
In a single element, any lack of coincidence between the optical and the mechanical axes. In a lens system, any lack of coincidence of optical axes of the lens elements that make up that system.
decentration aberration
An aberration occurring in a lens system when one or more of the centers of curvature of the optical surfaces do not coincide with the system's axis.
deci
Sl prefix meaning one tenth, 10-1.
decibel
The standard unit used to express gain or loss and relative power levels. The decibel (dB) = 10 log (P2/P1).
decimation
The process of reducing the size of an image by removing a certain proportion of the samples produced from the original image.
decision-theoretic character recognition
An approach to optical character recognition based on matching the input character against a set of stored prototypes.
decision-tree classification
A structural method of optical character recognition, used where the input media are variable, as in hand-written or multifont documents. A series of questions (such as "Does the character contain a...
deep
A concave surface that has too much negative power; i.e., its radius of curvature is too short. This condition can be corrected if material is removed from the center section of the polisher.
deep learning
Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that involves the use of artificial neural networks to model and solve complex problems. The term "deep" in deep learning refers to the use of deep...
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Photonics Dictionary
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