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8,289 terms
Photonics Dictionary
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chirped-pulse amplification
Chirped pulse amplification (CPA) is a technique used in laser physics to amplify ultrashort laser pulses to high energies without causing damage to the amplifying medium. The method was first...
chirping
A rapid change, as opposed to a long-term drift, of the emission wavelength of an optical source. Chirping is most often observed in pulsed operation of a source.
choledochoscope
A small fiber optic endoscope used in laser surgery.
cholesteric phase
The state of a liquid crystal in which the molecules are arranged in layers with their long axes in the plane of each layer. The alignment in each layer is parallel and the alignment in adjacent...
chopper
->
optical chopper
A mechanical or electrical-electromagnetic device for periodically interrupting or blocking abeam of light for a brief known interval. The three most common chopper types include the tuning fork...
chopping frequency
->
modulation frequency
Rate at which optical radiation or a signal is varied through the use of a mechanical or electronic chopper. Also called chopping frequency.
chromascope
An instrument designed to analyze the optical effects of color.
chromatic
Having the property of color.
chromatic aberration
Chromatic aberration is an optical phenomenon that occurs when different wavelengths (colors) of light are refracted by a lens or optical system, leading to a failure to focus all colors to the same...
chromatic adaptation
Change of sensitivity of the eye leading to changed color perception.
chromatic difference of magnification
->
chromatic aberration
Chromatic aberration is an optical phenomenon that occurs when different wavelengths (colors) of light are refracted by a lens or optical system, leading to a failure to focus all colors to the same...
chromatic dispersion
->
dispersion
Dispersion refers to the phenomenon where different wavelengths (colors) of light travel at different speeds when passing through a medium. This variation in the speed of light for different colors...
chromatic resolving power
The ability of the instrument to separate wavelengths that are close together, numerically equal to the ratio of the shorter wavelength to the difference between two wavelengths that can just be...
chromatic vision
->
color vision
Color vision refers to the ability of organisms to perceive and distinguish different wavelengths of light as different colors. It is a sensory ability that allows humans and many other animals to...
chromaticity
The qualities of color associated with hue and saturation, but not brightness or lightness.
chromaticity coordinates
Proportions of standard primaries (tristimulus values) required for a color match; ratios of each tristimulus value of a color to their sum. In the CIE colorimetric system, designated X, Y and Z.
chromaticity diagram
The plane diagram produced by plotting one of the three chromaticity coordinates (X,Y,Z) against another. The most common diagram is the CIE (X,Y) diagram, which is plotted in rectangular coordinates.
chromaticness
The sensations of hue and saturation, taken together, but not brightness or lightness.
chromatography
The chemical method of separating compounds dissolved in one phase (usually mobile) through its equilibration with a second phase (usually stationary). The mechanism of separation may involve...
chrominance
The difference between any color and a reference color having equal luminance and a specified chromaticity.
chromoendoscopy
A technique of using dyes during endoscopy to improve tissue differentiation. Dyes such as methylene blue, Toluidine blue and Lugol's solution all have the ability to stain particular types of cells....
chromophore
A naturally occurring pigment in tissue that may selectively absorb certain wavelengths and can be used to aid in targeting the beam in laser surgery.
chromosphere
A layer between the corona and the photosphere of the sun; its emission is overwhelmed by light emitted by the underlying, denser photosphere.
chronophotograph
The continuous record containing the series of pictures formed by chronophotographic methods.
chronophotography
The photographic recording of an action by taking a series of still pictures at regular intervals throughout the action.
chuck
In the optical field, a tube to which a lens is fastened for centering.
chuck mark
The mark formed when the movement of the lens over the face of the centering chuck abrades the surface.
CID
->
charge-injection device
A charge-injection device (CID) refers to a class of devices that manipulate and detect electrical charge within a semiconductor material. Charge-coupled devices are a specific implementation of this...
CID
charge-injection device
CID camera
CID, or charge injection device, camera refers to a type of imaging device that utilizes a specific kind of solid-state image sensor technology. CID cameras are capable of capturing images in a...
CIE
Commission Internationale de l' Eclairage (International Commission on Illumination)
CIE
Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage, the international commission on illumination.
CIE coordinates
->
chromaticity coordinates
Proportions of standard primaries (tristimulus values) required for a color match; ratios of each tristimulus value of a color to their sum. In the CIE colorimetric system, designated X, Y and Z.
CIE illuminant
Spectral power distribution representing a standard source of illumination, which may be real or hypothetical.
CIE observer
Hypothetical observer having standard color vision as described by standard color-matching properties.
CIE source
Standard light source representative of the quality of specified natural or artificial illumination.
CIE system
Methodology for specifying color based on the CIE sources, observers, and coordinate system.
CIG
computer image generation
CIM
computer input from microfilm; computer-integrated manufacturing
cine camera
A camera capable of making successive exposures on a continuous film driven by accurately spaced sprocket holes (a motion picture camera).
cine fluorography
The application of a cine camera in recording the images on a fluorescent screen. When x-rays are used to produce the screen images, this process is referred to as cine-radiography.
cinematography
The technique of making motion pictures.
cinemicrography
Cinematography performed with the use of a microscope to film the actions of microscopic specimens.
cineradiography
The photographic filming of the action of x-ray images recorded on a fluorescent screen by means of large lens apertures and highly sensitive filters.
cinesextant
An optical instrument used to track and image a test vehicle (target) throughout its flight. The cinesextant frequently includes multiple devices such as high-speed video and film cameras as well as...
cinetheodolite
->
phototheodolite
A camera equipped with angular scales in altitude and azimuth. The scale readings are imprinted on the film when an exposure is made. The exact point indicated by the scale readings is shown by...
CIP
cold isostatic pressing
CIPS
communications, information and processing services
CIRC
cross-interleaved Reed-Solomon code
circle of confusion
The image of a point source that appears as a circle of finite diameter because of defocusing or the aberrations inherent in an optical system.
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Photonics Dictionary
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