PI Physik Instrumente - Microscope Stages LB ROS 11/24

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Excelitas PCO GmbH - PCO.Edge 11-24 BIO MR

Excelitas Technologies Corp. - X-Cite Vitae HP 11/24

8,726 terms

Photonics Dictionary

conservation of radiance

The principle that states that optical instrumentation cannot increase the radiance of a source; the radiance of an image cannot exceed that of the object.

const

constant

constant angle fringes -> Haidinger fringes

Also known as constant angle or constant deviation fringes. The interference fringes observed with dense flat plates near normal incidence. The fringes of the Fabry-Perot interferometer are Haidinger...

constant deviation

That property of certain optical devices, e.g., a penta prism, that maintains the angular relationship between the entering and the emerging rays traversing the system regardless of the orientation...

constant deviation fringes -> Haidinger fringes

constant linear velocity

Method of disk rotation used for optical disk drives, in which the spindle motor decreases the speed of the disk's rotation as the head moves from the inner tracks to the outer, so that the radial...

constant luminance encoder

A device used in broadcast CCD cameras to improve definition in heavily saturated colors by band-limiting the color difference signals after gamma correction.

constant variant enhancement

Technique that uses high-pass filtering to reduce the local average to zero for all regions of the picture and then applies a gain factor equal to the reciprocal of the local standard deviation to...

constrigence

Reciprocal of the dispersive power of an optical material. See Abbe constant.

contact blocking

Also called color blocking. The formation of a block by making optical contact between a number of optical elements and a large optical flat.

contact fluid

A liquid, usually of a specific refractive index and dispersion, serving as an interface between two solids to form a complete light transmission system.

contact fluorography

A fluorographic method whereby the sensitive photographic medium is pressed against a fluorescent screen to form a visible image.

contact laser surgery

Laser surgery by means of a low-power laser system using a synthetic sapphire scalpel that transmits the laser light while in direct contact with the tissue.

contact microradiography

The radiography of small objects having detail too fine to be seen by the unaided eye. The resulting negative, when optically enlarged, can be examined.

contention rate

The maximum number of users who are using a given communication channel. Typically, the number of users at any given time is below this maximum, with the contention rate representing a worst case...

contextual analysis

In optical character recognition systems, the identification of a character facilitated by means of known factors governing its appearance in a particular context; e.g., the first character in the...

continuous dynode electron multiplier -> channel electron multiplier

A photoelectric detector consisting of a glass tube internally coated with a low conductance material. Voltage applied along the tube causes photoemission from the photocathode at the end of the tube...

continuous spectrum

The radiation spectrum of matter found in condensed states, liquid or solid, that is continuous and not a line spectrum. The details of this spectrum are almost independent of the matter emitting the...

continuous strobe

A continuous strobe, also known as a continuous light or constant light strobe, is a type of lighting device used in photography, videography, and various other applications where continuous...

continuous wave

Continuous wave (CW) refers to a type of signal or transmission where the signal is constant and does not vary with time. In various contexts, the term is used to describe continuous, uninterrupted...

continuous-wave laser

A laser that emits radiation continuously rather than in short bursts, as in a pulsed laser.

contour analysis

A method in optical character recognition in which a mobile light beam scans the outlines of characters for subsequent reading of these outlines.

contour projection chart

A large-scale, precise drawing of the contours of a perfect mechanical part, often with plus and minus tolerances drawn or indicated. For quality control decisions, enlarged images of mechanically...

contour projector

An inspection device in which the profile of a mechanical part is projected onto a ground-glass screen at a precisely known magnification so that the shape of the part can be compared with a scale...

contouring

Selection of specific brightness values or minimum threshold levels as contingencies for the display of digital data.

contourography

The generation, usually by a cathode-ray oscilloscope, of a two-dimensional image having a three-dimensional appearance.

contrast

The apparent difference in brightness between light and dark areas of an image. For a light target against a dark background, contrast is computed as follows: where Lt is the luminance of the...

contrast control

With respect to television, a potentiometer that allows variation of the intensity of the different elements of an image and that can be used to accentuate the highlights and shadows in an image. In...

contrast filter

A filter designed to improve contrast in an imaging system. For visual and black and white photosystems, a yellow filter is used.

contrast improvement

One area of image enhancement, accomplished by spatial filtering schemes, that usually involves attenuation of phase changes in the complex amplitude over a limited region of the Fourier spectrum of...

contrast threshold

That contrast level that exists between two areas whose difference in brightness is just perceivable.

contrast transfer function -> modulation transfer function

Also called sine wave response and contrast transfer function. The modulation transfer function is the ratio of the modulation in the image to the modulation in the object as a function of frequency...

convergence

1. In optics, the bending of light rays toward each other, as by a convex or positive lens. 2. Turning in the eyes to view a near object. 3. In a television picture tube, the crossing of the...

convergent angle -> angle of convergence

An angle formed by the lines of sight of both eyes when focusing on an object. Also, the rate at which a ray approaches the optical axis.

convergent beam sensing mode

A type of photoelectric proximity mode sensing incorporating a lens system to focus the light from the emitter in a small, concentrated spot at a specific point in front of the sensor. Also referred...

converging lens

Also known as convergent lens or convex lens. A lens that converges an incident bundle of rays to a focus.

converging meniscus

A converging lens with one convex and one concave surface.

converging surface

The curved boundary between two optical media of different refractive indices, which causes convergence.

conversion efficiency

In a pumped laser system, the ratio of output energy to pump energy.

convertible lens

Any lens with at least two lens elements, each of which can be used singly or in combined configurations.

convex

Convex is an adjective used to describe a surface or shape that curves outward, bulges, or has a rounded and outwardly extending appearance. In the context of geometry or optics, a convex shape is...

convex lens -> converging lens

Also known as convergent lens or convex lens. A lens that converges an incident bundle of rays to a focus.

convexo-concave lens -> meniscus lens

A meniscus lens is an optical lens that has one side that is concave (curved inward) and the other side that is convex (curved outward). It can be categorized into two types based on its optical...

convolution

An image-enhancement technique in which each pixel is subjected to a mathematical operation that groups it with its nearest neighbors and calculates its value accordingly.

convolution kernel

The group of adjacent pixels on which the convolution process is carried out.

convolutional neural network

A powerful and flexible machine-learning approach that can be used in machine vision to help solve difficult problems. Inspired by biological processes, multiple layers of neurons process portions of...

Cooke objective

A telephoto lens form noted for its lack of distortion.

Cooke triplet lens

The simplest lens in which all primary aberrations may be corrected. It consists of two positive crown elements on either side of, and spaced away from, a negative flint element.

coolant

A fluid used to decrease the temperature rise produced by friction or other causes.

cooled infrared detector

An infrared detector that achieves a specified sensitivity through the application of certain cryogenic temperatures.

Photonics Dictionary

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