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5,268 terms
Photonics Dictionary
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electromagnetic spectrum
The total range of wavelengths, extending from the shortest to the longest wavelength or conversely, that can be generated physically. This range of electromagnetic wavelengths extends practically...
electromagnetic theory
The theory of propagation of energy by combined electric and magnetic fields included in Maxwell's equations.
electromagnetic wave
Wave of radiation identified by individual fluctuations of electric and magnetic fields.
electromagnon
An electromagnon is a quasiparticle excitation that combines aspects of both magnetism and electric polarization in a crystal lattice. Specifically, it refers to a collective excitation of spins and...
electromodulation spectroscopy
A type of modulation spectroscopy that measures spectral reflectance or transmittance changes induced by applying a perturbing electric field. It can be performed in contactless modes with no special...
electron band
A spectrum band that is usually found in the visible or the ultraviolet because of the electron transitions taking place within the molecules.
electron beam
A stream of electrons emitted by a single source that move in the same direction and at the same speed.
electron cyclotron maser
A maser that relies on the fact that electrons in orbital motion in high-magnetic fields will emit energy at the cyclotron frequency. The transfer of energy is from the bunching of the electrons by...
electron device
Any device in which the passage of electrons through a vacuum, gas or semiconductor is the principal means of conduction.
electron diffraction
The bending of an electron stream that occurs when the stream travels through a medium such as very thin metal foil.
electron diffraction camera
A special evacuated camera equipped with means for holding a specimen and bombarding it with a sharply focused beam of electrons. A cylindrical film is placed around the specimen to record the...
electron emission
The freeing of electrons from an electrode into the surrounding space.
electron gun
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electron-beam gun
1. A device generally used in a cathode-ray or camera tube to emit a stream of electrons moving at uniform velocity in a straight line. It consists of an emitting cathode and an anode, with an...
electron image tube
A cathode-ray tube that increases the brightness or size of an image or forms a visible image from invisible radiation. The focal plane for the optical image is a large, light-sensitive, cold...
electron metallurgy
That branch of metallurgy that uses electron microscopic techniques in the examination of the nature of metals.
electron microscope
A device utilizing an electron beam for the observation and recording of submicroscopic samples with the aid of photographic emulsions or other short-wavelength sensors. With the electron microscope,...
electron multiplication charge-coupled device camera
An EMCCD (electron-multiplying charge-coupled device) camera is a type of scientific camera specifically designed for low-light imaging applications that require high sensitivity and fast readout...
electron optics
The control of free electron movement through the use of electrical or magnetic fields, and use of this electron movement in research investigation of electronic diffraction phenomena, directly...
electron probe microanalysis
An analytical technique used to determine the nature of extremely small samples by forming the x-ray spectrum of the samples through excitation by a finely focused electron beam.
electron scanning
The deflection of a beam of electrons, at regular intervals, across a cathode-ray tube screen, according to a definite pattern.
electron speckle pattern interferometry
A method for detecting vibration amplitudes analogous to image holography, except that the film emulsion is replaced by a television target.
electron spectroscopy
The theory and interpretation of spectra produced by the electron emissions of substances after their irradiation by x-rays.
electron temperature
Approximation of a system of thermal equilibrium formed by the distribution of the kinetic energies of electrons in a gas discharge to which a temperature value is frequently ascribed. The average...
electron trapping optical memory
A method of erasable optical data storage in which information is stored by visible light, then read by illumination with an infrared source that returns trapped electrons to their ground state....
electron-beam drilling
The use of a tightly focused beam of electrons to drill minute holes in substances. The drilling is accomplished by the evaporation of the material in the desired circumference by the intense heat of...
electron-beam evaporation
A method of thin-film deposition in which electrons boiled off a heated cathode are used to melt the coating material. If a multipocket crucible is used, many materials can be processed at the same...
electron-beam film scanning
The method by which photographic film is scanned by an electron beam. One technique uses the uniform light of a television screen, focused by a lens onto the processed film, as a means of creating a...
electron-beam gun
1. A device generally used in a cathode-ray or camera tube to emit a stream of electrons moving at uniform velocity in a straight line. It consists of an emitting cathode and an anode, with an...
electron-beam lithography system
An electron-beam lithography (EBL) system is a sophisticated nanofabrication tool used in the semiconductor industry and research laboratories to pattern extremely fine features with sub-micrometer...
electron-beam recording
The recording of the information contained in a modulated electron beam onto photographic or silicon resin-coated materials. A direct recording method involves the passage of the recording medium...
electron-gun system
An electron-gun system is an assembly used to generate and control a focused beam of electrons. Electron guns find applications in various fields, including cathode ray tubes (CRTs), electron...
electronic band edge
The point at which short-wavelength transmission is cut off.
electronic band spectrum
The bands of spectral lines representing the electronic transition in a molecule.
electronic flash unit
A small xenon-filled tube with metal electrodes fused into the ends. The gas flashes brilliantly when a condenser is discharged through the tube. The duration of the flash is primarily dependent upon...
electronic viewfinder
A small television monitor that replaces the reflex viewfinder in a television camera.
electronics
That branch of science involved in the study and utilization of the motion, emissions and behaviors of currents of electrical energy flowing through gases, vacuums, semiconductors and conductors, not...
electronoluminescence
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cathodoluminescence
Light produced when a metal is bombarded with high-velocity electrons causing small amounts of the metal to vaporize and emit radiation. Also known as electronoluminescence.
electrophoresis
The movement of particles or ions in a solution toward the electrode having the opposite sign because of the application of an electrical field.
electrophoretic display
An electrophoretic display, often referred to as an electronic paper display or e-paper display, is a type of electronic visual display technology used in electronic devices for the purpose of...
electrophotography
The photographic recording of an image formed by the alteration in electrical properties of the sensitive materials and induced by the action of light.
electroreflectance spectroscopy
A type of electromodulation that measures changes in spectral reflectance.
electrostatic charge
The effect produced by electrical charges or fields alone, without interaction with magnetic influence.
electrostatic deflection
The deflection of an electron beam by the action of an electrostatic field that has a component perpendicular to the direction of the beam.
electrostatic image dissector
A nonmagnetic instrument utilizing an electrofocus and deflection tube with a photocathode for imaging purposes. The optical image is converted into a photoelectric output at the photocathode and is...
electrostatic lens
The electrical distribution that serves to influence an electron beam in the same way that an optical lens affects a light beam.
electrostatic printer
An instrument used to print an optical image on a specially treated paper. Light and dark portions of the original image are illustrated by electrostatically charged and uncharged portions of the...
electrostatic storage
Information storage on a dielectric medium that represents the data as those spots on the medium having electrostatic charges, forming an observable record of the data.
electrostatic tape camera
A camera that records its images electrostatically on plastic tape; used in situations where radiation would have an adverse effect on regular photographic film.
electrostatography
The recording of patterns by the production and use of latent electrostatic charge patterns. See electrostatic process.
electrostriction
Elastic deformation of a dielectric caused by volume force when the dielectric is placed in an inhomogeneous electric field.
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Photonics Dictionary
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