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8,726 terms

Photonics Dictionary

CNR

carrier-to-noise ratio

CNT

carbon nanotube

coadding

A method of improving the signal-to-noise ratio of an interferogram by adding another interferogram to it.

coagulation

Coagulation refers to the process of transforming a liquid, particularly blood or a solution containing dispersed particles, into a solid or semi-solid state. This term is most commonly associated...

COAT

coherent optical adaptive techniques

coated optics

Optical elements that have been coated with one or more layers of dielectric, or metallic material. These coatings serve to reduce or increase reflection from the surface, and to protect the surfaces...

coating jig allowance -> jig allowance

Also called coating jig allowance. That margin on an optical component that is outside the clear aperture for use in holding the component in the optical thin-film coater tooling during the...

coating materials

Optical coating materials refer to specialized materials applied to optical surfaces (such as lenses, mirrors, or prisms) to alter their optical properties. These coatings are designed to enhance...

coax

coaxial cable

coaxial cable

A type of cable made up of two conductors; one conductor is inside of and concentric with the other.

coaxial gas

A jet of inert gas along a laser welding beam's axis that cools, protects or cleans the work surface.

CoaXPress

CoaXPress (CoaXPress or CXP) is a standardized digital interface and communication protocol used primarily in machine vision and industrial imaging applications. It enables high-speed data...

COB

chip on board

cobalt glass

Glass that transmits near-ultraviolet radiation but is opaque in the visible region. Also known as woods glass.

COC

coded optical character

COCODE

compressed coherency detection

COCOM

Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls

COD

catastrophic optical damage

codec

encoder/decoder

codec

A device that combines the functions of encoder and decoder.

coded aperture imaging

An imaging process in which the single opening of a simple pinhole camera is replaced with many openings called, collectively, the aperture. The recorded picture, which consists of many overlapping...

coded disc

A reticle carrying patterns of various forms that can be rotated in an optical beam to cause variations in the intensity of the beam. It also is used in infrared detectors to scan the object field...

coded image

An image that is not immediately recognizable but scrambled.

CODIC

color difference computer

COED

computer-operated electronic display

coef

coefficient

coefficient of thermal expansion

A numerical representation of the rate at which a material will exhibit dimensional changes as a direct result of changes in temperature.

coelostat

A plane mirror mounted on a polar axis that lies parallel to the plane of the mirror. When the mirror is rotated once in 48 hours, celestial objects can be made to appear stationary and are...

coherence degree -> degree of coherence

A quantitative measurement of the coherence of a light source; equal to the visibility (V) of the fringes of a two-beam interference test: where Imax equals the intensity at a maximum of the...

coherence length

That length over which energy in two separate waves remains constant. With respect to a laser, the greatest distance between two arms of an interferometric system for which sufficient interferometric...

coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering

A technique whereby two laser beams, one at an excitation wavelength and the second at a wavelength that produces Stokes Raman scattering, interact coherently in a sample, producing a strong...

coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) is a powerful technique used in spectroscopy to probe molecular vibrations in a sample. It is based on the Raman effect, which involves the inelastic...

coherent bundle -> aligned bundle

An assembly of fibers in which the coordinates of each fiber are the same at the two ends of the bundle. Also called coherent bundle.

coherent communications

A fiber optic communications system that works on the principles of homodyning or heterodyning. The transmitting laser produces an optical wave that is modulated in amplitude, phase or frequency by...

coherent fiber bundle

A coherent fiber bundle (CFB), also known as a coherent fiber optic bundle, is an assembly of multiple optical fibers arranged in a specific geometric pattern to maintain the spatial coherence of...

coherent light source

A light source that is capable of producing radiation with waves vibrating in phase. The laser is an example of a coherent light source.

coherent noise

The manifestation of light from scatterers outside the plane of the object in coherent light systems. The output of these systems is often marred by this noise.

coherent optical adaptive technique

The use of phase conjugation or other methods to increase the power density of a laser beam under adverse atmospheric conditions.

coherent radiation

Radiation in which the phase relationship between any two points in the radiation field has a constant difference, or is exactly the same in either the spatial or the temporal mode throughout the...

coherent Raman effect -> Raman scattering

Raman scattering, also known as the Raman effect or Raman spectroscopy, is a phenomenon in which light undergoes inelastic scattering when interacting with matter, such as molecules, crystals, or...

COHO

coherent oscillator

coincidence circuit

Electronic circuit capable of distinguishing the pulses emitted by separate counters in a given time phase and determining whether the pulses were emitted by the same particle or correspond to a...

coincidence prism

A compound prism consisting of an assembly of small prisms cemented together that is used in a coincidence rangefinder to transmit the images from the two objectives to a single eyepiece for viewing.

coincidence rangefinder

An optical instrument used to determine the distance to a target being viewed. Two similar optical systems view the target via 45° mirrors at the ends of a fixed baseline. One system creates the...

cold atom

Cold atoms refer to atoms that have been cooled to extremely low temperatures, typically in the microkelvin (µK) to nanokelvin (nK) range, close to absolute zero (0 Kelvin or -273.15°C). At...

cold cathode

A cathode that emits electrons, not with the influence of heat radiation, but by means of a high-voltage gradient at its surface.

cold coating

A method of applying antireflection coatings to optics that avoids the elevated temperatures normally used. A cold coating will not be as durable as a normal coating.

cold finger

A cryogenically cooled component incorporated into the Dewar of an infrared detector assembly to maintain the sensing elements at the proper temperature (77 K or colder).

cold flow

Deformation of a material caused by mechanical factors, especially constant pressure, and not attributable to thermal effects.

cold mirror

A mirror whose coating serves to reflect visible radiation while transmitting the infrared.

Photonics Dictionary

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