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6,178 terms

Photonics Dictionary

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transfer rate

The rate at which data can be read from a CD-ROM.

transient calorimetric technique

A method of measuring total hemispherical emissivity of the plane surface of a solid that consists of thermally isolating a specimen of the material inside a vacuum, preheating it slightly above the...

transmitter central wavelength range

The central wavelength range of a transmitter based on the worst-case scenarios of temperature, manufacturing and other variations.

transmitter

In fiber optic communications, a light source whose beam can be modulated and sent along an optical fiber, and the electronics that support it.

transport shift register

The element in a charge-coupled device that receives the charge packets transferred from the line of sensor sites and then delivers the image data to the device's output circuitry.

transputer

A computer whose architecture contains several CPU chips arranged in parallel. Often used in image processing systems.

transverse interferometry

The method used to measure the index profile of an optical fiber by placing it in an interferometer and illuminating the fiber transversely to its axis.

transverse scattering

The method for measuring the index profile of an optical fiber or preform by illuminating it coherently and transversely to its axis, and examining the far-field radiation pattern.

transversely excited atmosphere carbon dioxide laser

Abbreviated TEA CO2 laser. A gas laser that provides shorter pulses and higher peak powers than conventional CO2 lasers. The electrical excitation pulse occurs transversely to the optical axis...

transversely excited atmosphere laser

Also known as TEA laser. A coherent optical source with a wide wavelength range in the infrared, visible and ultraviolet that uses an electrical discharge transverse to (across) the optical axis to...

tristimulus colorimeter -> colorimeter

A colorimeter is a device used to measure and quantify the color characteristics of an object or a light source. It provides objective and standardized color information, typically expressed in terms...

tristimulus integration

Computation of tristimulus values by integrating or summing, over the visible wavelength region, the product of the relative spectral power of a CIE standard source, the reflectance of the object...

tristimulus integrator

A device used to produce numerical integrations for colorimetry.

trochoidal mass spectrometer

A magnetic-deflection mass spectrometer that has an electrostatic field placed perpendicularly to its magnetic field, permitting both spatial mass dispersion and perfect double focusing in the plane...

tungsten diselenide

Tungsten diselenide (WSe2) is a member of the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) family, composed of tungsten (W) and selenium (Se). Similar to other TMDs, tungsten diselenide possesses a...

tungsten lamp

An evacuated bulb containing a tungsten filament that is heated by passing an electric current through it. In domestic light bulbs the inside of the bulb is frosted to soften shadows. In projection...

turnkey system

A system that is complete and self-contained, needing no further additions to permit its operation.

twisted intramolecular charge transfer

Twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) is a phenomenon observed in certain organic molecules containing electron-donor and electron-acceptor groups that are linked together within the same...

twisted nematic phase

A form of liquid crystal widely used in displays, achieved by sandwiching a liquid crystal material between two substrates whose inside surfaces have been prepared with a special coating that aligns...

two-photon excited fluorescence

Two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) is a nonlinear optical method that allows imaging of biological cells and living tissue. The advantage of TPEF in comparison to conventional fluorescence...

Twyman-Green interferometer

A testing device that provides a contour map of the emergent wavefront for the observer in terms of the given wavelength of the light.

Twyman-Green interferometry

Twyman-Green interferometry is a technique used in optics to measure the flatness or surface profile of optical components with high precision. It is based on the principles of interference of light...

ultramicrometer

A system used to measure very small displacement by electrical means.

ultrasonic detector

A mechanical, electrical, thermal or optical detector designed to identify and measure ultrasonic radiation.

ultraviolet absorbing filter

A filter that is opaque from 200 to 400 nm.

ultraviolet spectrometer

A spectrophotometer designed for use in the 200- to 380-nm range of the electromagnetic spectrum and equipped with a calibrated scale to determine wavelength.

ultraviolet-visible spectrometer

Also known as UV-VIS spectrometer, a device that measures the absorbance, reflectance or transmittance of light in the ultraviolet or visible wavelengths absorbed, reflected or transmitted. Commonly...

underwater photography

The field of photography concerned with the recording of subjects beneath the water with a watertight, water-resistant camera system.

underwater television system

A television system designed to obtain pictures of objects or scenes beneath the surface of the water. Generally, a low-light-level television camera and a suitable light source are enclosed in a...

uniphase interference

In interferometry, the result of superimposing two wavefronts of identical shape, yielding a uniform intensity interference pattern with no bands.

unipotential electrostatic lens

A simple electrostatic lens with a focus controlled by a single potential difference.

vacuum ultraviolet detector

A device that serves to detect the presence of vacuum ultraviolet radiation. It may be photographic film, a thermopile, ion chamber, vacuum photodiode, photomultiplier or channel electron multiplier.

vanadate laser

Lasers based on neodymium-doped yttrium or gadolinium vanadate crystals. These include yttrium vanadate (Nd:YVO4), gadolinium vanadate (Nd:GdVO4), and lutetium vanadate (Nd:LuVO4). Vanadate lasers...

velocimeter

See laser Doppler velocimeter; laser velocimeter.

vernier interferometer

A phase-shift interferometer used to detect the relative angular speeds or positions of two concentric rotors.

vertex

The point of intersection of the optical axis with any centered optical surface.

vertex power

The reciprocal of the back focal distance of a spectacle lens.

vertical external cavity surface-emitting laser

A laser that has a surface-emitting semiconductor gain element coupled to an external mirror designed to complete the laser resonator. VECSELs can be electrically or optically pumped. The extended...

vertical transmitted illumination

With respect to microscopy, light that is directed through the specimen by a substage condenser.

vertometer

A device that measures the back focal length or vertex power of a lens.

very long baseline interferometry

Consists of a pair of radio telescopes concentrated on a single celestial object. This technique creates a single radio telescope with a diameter equal to the distance between the pair, which allows...

Vickers microhardness test

A test similar to the Knoop hardness test, but used for fractured material. The indenter is a square-based pyramid-shaped diamond.

video detector

A device, such as a thermionic or crystal diode, that is introduced into the vision channel of a television receiver to select the signal from the intermediate-frequency carrier.

video scan converter

A device that changes the number of lines per frame of a video image to adapt to a lower resolution format, either by deleting lines, compressing lines or by imaging only a part of the original...

video-intensified microscopy

The observation of specimens by a microscope linked to a television camera and an image processor.

viewing filter

A filter, pale purple in color, used in black and white photography to display the brightness values of a subject being recorded on film.

visibility meter

1. An instrument used to determine the visual range in an environment. 2. A type of photometer that artificially reduces an object's visibility to threshold limits and records the quantity of...

visioceilometer

An instrument that uses an erbium:glass laser to determine cloud height from the ground.

visual detection and ranging

Visual detection and ranging (ViDAR) is a technology that utilizes optical sensors, such as cameras or other imaging devices, to detect and track objects in the surrounding environment. Unlike...

visual photometer

A photometer that permits visual comparison of the luminance of two surfaces.

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