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5,268 terms

Photonics Dictionary

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crystallized glass

Glass of special composition that is melted, formed into desired shapes, and subjected to a high-temperature treatment in which the glass undergoes a stage of nucleic formation, and a second stage,...

crystallogram

The photographic record of the diffraction pattern formed when x-rays pass through a crystal.

crystallography

The analysis of the atomic structures within crystals by means of x-ray diffraction.

CSMA/CD

carrier sense multiple access/collision detection

CTE

charge-transfer efficiency; coefficient of thermal expansion

cube-corner prism -> corner cube

A corner cube, also known as a corner reflector or retroreflector prism, is a type of optical device used to reflect light or electromagnetic waves back towards their source with minimal deviation in...

CubeSat

A CubeSat is a type of miniaturized satellite characterized by its standardized size and modular design. CubeSats are typically used for scientific research, technology demonstration, educational...

cubic convolution

A method of resampling in which a 16-pixel neighborhood around a given pixel from the original image is used to calculate the final brightness value of that pixel in the corrected image.

curie

Standard maintained by the International Commission on Radiological Units as a unit of radioactivity defined as the quantity of any radioactive nuclide in which the number of disintegrations per...

curing

The use of chemicals or radiation to induce a desired change in a substance; e.g., some optical adhesives are set by exposure to ultraviolet light and are said to be UV-curing.

current saturation

A condition during laser operation when laser output can no longer be increased by additional electric current.

cursor

On a display monitor, a small, mobile rectangle, cross-hair or pointer that locates a feature in an image that is the object of attention, or indicates where the next character will appear in word...

curvature of field

A lens aberration that causes a flat object surface to be imaged onto a curved surface rather than a plane.

curvilinear distortion

A lens aberration in which the focal length varies radially outward from the center of the field. It has the effect of making a straight tangential line in the object appear curved in the image,...

custom optic

A custom optic refers to an optical component that is designed, manufactured, and tailored to meet specific requirements or applications. These optics can include lenses, mirrors, prisms, filters, or...

cut plane

In computer graphics, intersection of a plane with a three-dimensional object to create a sectional view.

cutback technique

A technique for measuring fiber attenuation or distortion by performing two transmission measurements. One is at the output end of the full length of the fiber. The other is within 1 to 3 m of the...

cutoff wavelength

1. In detector technology, the long wavelength at which detector response falls to a set percentage (usually 20 or 50 percent). 2. In fiber optics, the shortest wavelength at which a fiber transmits...

cuton wavelength

In filter terminology, that wavelength where the filter transmission increases beyond 5 percent.

CVD

chemical vapor deposition; compact videodisc

CWDM

coarse wavelength division multiplexing

cyanometer

An instrument designed to measure the proportion of light emitted by a source in the blue region of the spectrum.

cyanometry

The analysis of light in the blue region of the visible spectrum.

cyberspace -> virtual reality

Virtual reality (VR) is a computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional environment or experience that can be interacted with and explored by an individual using electronic devices, such as a...

cyclotron resonance

The tendency of charge carriers to spiral about an axis in a direction identical to that of an applied magnetic field that has an angular frequency formed by the value of the applied field and the...

cylindrical lens

A cylindrical lens is an optical component that has different curvatures along its two orthogonal axes, resulting in a shape resembling a cylinder. Unlike spherical lenses, which have the same...

cystoscope

An endoscope used for the visual examination of the bladder.

Czerny-Turner design

A form of monochromator optical system consisting of two spherical concave mirrors used in conjunction with a movable diffraction grating.

Czochralski technique

DAA

data acquisition and analysis

Dammann grating

A Dammann grating is a type of diffractive optical element (DOE) used to create an array of equally spaced, uniform-intensity spots or beams. It is named after its inventor, Dr. Herbert Dammann. The...

damped least squares

An organizational method used in optical design computer programs. The technique produces one number (merit function) to measure the state of correction of an optical system. This number, which is...

damping

Continuous conversion of oscillatory energy into heat, relative to time or distance.

DAP

deformation of aligned phase

dark adaptation

The ability of the human eye to adjust itself to low levels of illumination.

dark beam

A precision-engineered microminiature light source that is safe for darkroom use, yet emits a beam of light bright enough to read by.

dark current

The current that flows in a photodetector when there is no optical radiation incident on the detector and operating voltages are applied.

dark current density

Dark current density refers to the electric current that flows through a semiconductor device in the absence of any external illumination. It is primarily caused by thermal generation of charge...

dark mirror

A multilayer coating that manifests both a low radiant reflectance and radiant absorption.

dark noise

The noise produced in a photodetector when the photocathode is shielded from all external optical radiation and operating voltages are applied.

dark signal -> dark current

The current that flows in a photodetector when there is no optical radiation incident on the detector and operating voltages are applied.

dark space

The portion of a glow discharge tube that permits little or no light transmission.

dark-field disc

A disc contained within an electronic cell counter for regulating light transmission.

dark-field illumination

The transmission of light by a condenser to observe either very small particles or very fine lines with a microscope.

dark-field photomicrography

A photomicrographic recording technique that utilizes dark-field illumination to render an image of an object having a refractive index much like that of the medium holding it. The object may be...

darkening

The formation of a dark-colored film on a metal surface by chemical activity.

darkroom

A room that is light-tight, permitting total darkness or illumination with a safelight when working with photosensitive materials.

DAS

differential absorption scattering; detector angular subtense; dual attachment station

data acquisition systems

A data acquisition (DAQ) system is a combination of hardware and software used to collect, process, and analyze data from physical phenomena or processes. data acquisition system suppliers...

data analysis display

An accurate cathode-ray tube display used to provide visual representation stored in a computer for the interpretation and evaluation of the data.

Photonics Dictionary

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