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PI Physik Instrumente - Microscope Stages MR ROS 11/24

Zurich Instruments AG - Challenge Us 10/24 HP

8,726 terms

Photonics Dictionary

Bragg spectrometer -> ionization spectrometer

Also known as the Bragg spectrometer. A system used for the x-ray analysis of crystal structure. In the instrument, a homogeneous beam of x-rays is directed on the known face of a crystal and the...

Bragg's law

The law expressing the condition under which a crystal will reflect a beam of x-rays with the greatest amount of distinction or resolution and, at the same time, denoting the angle at which the...

brass gauge

A sheet of thin brass, one edge of which has been accurately cut to a known and marked circular radius. It is used to check the radius of curvature of a rough-ground lens by contact.

Bravais-Miller index

One of the constants h, k, f or I, used to demonstrate any set of parallel planes in a crystal of the hexagonal system.

BRDF

bidirectional reflectance distribution function

breadboard

An experimental model of an electrical circuit or complex assembly; a prototype.

break current

The point at which decreasing current supplied to a laser results in the extinguishing of the laser discharge.

breakdown voltage

In avalanche photodiodes, the point at which an increase in the reverse bias voltage causes the current gain to approach infinity.

breakout cable

A breakout cable, also known as a fan-out cable or breakout assembly, is a type of cable that combines multiple individual cables into a single, larger cable. The breakout cable is designed to...

Breit-Wigner formula

Theoretical calculation of the cross section for a nuclear reaction given in the vicinity of a single resonance level in the compound nucleus.

bremsstrahlung

Electromagnetic radiation that is emitted by an electron as it is accelerated or decelerated while moving through the electric field of an ion.

Brewster angle window

A parallel plate of glass in such a position that the refracted and reflected rays of incident parallel light are mutually perpendicular. In this situation the reflected light is plane polarized, and...

Brewster's angle

For light incident on a plane boundary between two regions having different refractive indices, the angle of incidence at which the reflectance is zero for light that has its electrical field vector...

Brewster's fringes

The fringes used in the Jamin interferometer and produced by light that has been internally and externally reflected by two plane-parallel plates, inclined toward each other at a small angle.

BRH

Bureau of Radiological Health

Bridgman technique

Crystal growth method that resembles static freeze, but that induces growth by removing the ampoule from the furnace so that the freezing-point temperature gradient is unchanged during the growth...

bright-field illumination

The illumination generally used in microscopy, whereby the specimen appears dark against a light background.

bright-field image

An optical image having a brightly lit background.

bright-line spectrum

An emission spectrum consisting of bright bands against a dark background.

brightfield

Brightfield refers to a type of microscopy and imaging technique in which the specimen is illuminated with a white light source, and the image is observed or captured against a bright background. In...

brightness -> luminance

Luminous flux emitted from a surface per unit solid angle per unit of area, projected onto a plane normal to the direction of propagation. Also known as brightness and luminous sterance.

brightness control

The manual shifting bias control of a cathode-ray tube that determines both the average brightness and the contrast of a picture.

brightness meter

An instrument for measuring the brightness (luminance) of a scene. It may be a spot meter, covering an area of a degree or less, or an averaging meter, covering a broad area of the scene. Brightness...

brightness resolution

The degree to which a pixel in a digital image represents the analog brightness of the corresponding point in the original image. It is dependent largely on the number of bits devoted to representing...

brightness scale

A graduated range of stimuli perceived as having equivalent differences of brightness.

Brillouin microscopy

Brillouin microscopy is a non-invasive imaging technique that utilizes Brillouin scattering to measure the mechanical properties of materials at the microscale. This advanced optical technique...

Brillouin scattering

Brillouin scattering is a phenomenon in physics where an incident electromagnetic wave (usually light) interacts with acoustic phonons (quantized lattice vibrations) in a material, resulting in the...

bring-in

The final correction of a polished surface or of an angle to the specified precision.

BRITE

Basic Research in Industrial Technology for Europe

broadband

Indicating a capability to deal with a relatively wide spectral bandwidth.

broadband dielectric mirrors

Broadband dielectric mirrors, also known as broadband mirrors, are optical coatings designed to efficiently reflect or transmit light over a broad range of wavelengths. These mirrors are constructed...

broadband filter

A broadband filter is an electronic or electromagnetic device designed to pass a range of frequencies or signals within a specified bandwidth while attenuating or rejecting signals outside of that...

broadband incident radiation -> white light

Light perceived as achromatic, that is, without hue.

broadside radiation

Radiation that occurs perpendicular to the plane of the radiation device.

broken edge

A chamfer or protective bevel.

bronchoscope

An optical instrument designed to permit the visual examination of the interior of the bronchi.

Brownian motion

The behavior of microscopic solid particles suspended in a fluid, first observed by botanist Robert Brown in 1827 as a continuous random motion.

Brucke loupe

A telemicroscope in which a negative eyepiece is used to produce erect images.

bandstop

BSDF

bidirectional scatter distribution function

BSDN

block-switching digital network

BSO

bismuth silicon oxide

BSTV

boresight television

BTDF

bidirectional transmission distribution function

BTDL

basic transient diode logic

Btu

British thermal unit

bubble chamber

A large tank filled with liquid hydrogen, with a flat window at one end and complex optical devices for observing and photographing the rows of fine bubbles formed when a high-energy particle...

bubble chamber optics

Specially designed optics for the observation and photographing of hydrogen in a bubble chamber.

bubble chamber photography

The photographic recording of gas bubbles produced when particles traverse liquid hydrogen in a bubble chamber.

bubble memory -> magnetic bubble film

An amorphous film in which cylindrical bubbles of reverse magnetization can be formed to follow circuit paths usually made by depositing magnetic metal strips on the film surface. It is used in...

Photonics Dictionary

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