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5,268 terms
Photonics Dictionary
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collimation
1. The process of aligning the optical axes of optical systems to the reference mechanical axes or surfaces of an instrument. 2. The adjustment of two or more optical axes with respect to each other....
collimator
An optical instrument consisting of a well- corrected objective lens or mirror with a light source and or object/image (i.e. illuminated slit or retical) at its focal plane. Collimators are used to...
collision broadening
The broadening of spectral lines due to the collision of radiating particles with one another and the resulting interruption of the radiative process.
collisional excitation
A method of lasing in which free electrons in a laser-produced plasma collide with neonlike ions to excite electrons to states that decay at different speeds, producing a population inversion.
colloid
A colloid is a mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance. The particles in a colloid are larger than those in a...
colloidal quantum dots
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are nanometer-sized semiconductor particles that are dispersed in a colloidal solution. These quantum dots have unique optical and electronic properties due to their...
color
The attribute of visual experience that can be described as having quantitatively specifiable dimensions of hue, saturation, and brightness or lightness. The visual experience, not including aspects...
color blindness
->
color-defective vision
Situation in which the observer requires fewer than three independent stimuli to make color matches. Dichromats require only two stimuli and are classified as protanopes and deuteranopes (both...
color blocking
->
contact blocking
Also called color blocking. The formation of a block by making optical contact between a number of optical elements and a large optical flat.
color center
A color center, in the context of materials science and condensed matter physics, refers to a specific type of crystallographic defect in a crystalline structure that introduces color to the...
color comparator
1. A device used in chemistry to compare the colors of solutions held in flat-bottomed tubes and viewed along the length of the tube. Often a solid glass plunger is moved along one of the tubes to...
color conversion filter
A filter that serves to alter the color temperature and the mired value of the radiation emitted by a source.
color correction
The reduction in longitudinal, lateral and secondary chromatic aberrations in a lens or lens system.
color facsimile transmission
The transmission of a color photograph by separating the colors into varying intensities of red, blue and green, and then sending separate transmissions of the three color signals to a receiving...
color filter
->
optical filter
An optical filter is a device that selectively transmits or blocks specific wavelengths, or colors, of light. Optical filters are used to control the spectral content of light in various...
color holography
The recording of three or more separate holograms having a different color on a medium, so that illumination with a tricolor beam yields three separate wavefronts, each representing one of the...
color match
Condition in which two stimuli appear to match in color to a specified observer, or in which two objects appear to match in color to a specified observer when illuminated by a specified source.
color perception test equipment
Equipment for testing an observer's color vision. Some tests require the identification or ordering of colored samples. The commercially available examples include: the Ishihara plates, on which...
color photographic film
Film that produces color negatives or transparencies by the use of three emulsions, one coated over the other, that are each sensitive to one of the colors red, blue or green.
color rendering index
A CIE index describing the changes in color of standard test objects when the illumination is changed from a standard to a test illuminant.
color scanner
An instrument that uses a beam of light to scan a color transparency, and three differently filtered photosensors to record the transmitted beam, as a means of producing three exposed separation...
color sensitometry
The detection and analysis of the relative response of a material to light over the range of wavelengths.
color space
The entire range of colors a specific color model can produce, represented as a three-dimensional solid.
color television
A television system that is capable of producing an image whose colors approximate the colors of the original, by the use of additive color mixing of the three primary colors.
color vision
Color vision refers to the ability of organisms to perceive and distinguish different wavelengths of light as different colors. It is a sensory ability that allows humans and many other animals to...
color-defective vision
Situation in which the observer requires fewer than three independent stimuli to make color matches. Dichromats require only two stimuli and are classified as protanopes and deuteranopes (both...
color-sensitive
An emulsion that can record colored light.
color-translating microscope
A type of compound microscope that uses three visible wavelengths to translate details produced by invisible radiation.
colorimeter
A colorimeter is a device used to measure and quantify the color characteristics of an object or a light source. It provides objective and standardized color information, typically expressed in terms...
colorimetric photometer
A photometer that uses a set of color filters to measure the intensity of light in various regions of the spectrum.
colorimetry
Colorimetry is the science and technology of quantitatively describing and measuring colors. It involves the precise evaluation of color attributes such as hue, saturation, and brightness, using...
coloring media
Transparent media which, when placed in front of a light source, change their color as a result of the selective absorption of some of the light.
colorizing
->
false color
In imaging technology, assigning color to black and white images to differentiate features or convey information. Also called colorizing.
column chromatography
The chromatography method in which the stationary phase is supported in or on an inert packing in a column, through which the mobile phase passes.
coma
A lens aberration, resulting from different magnifications in the various lens zones, that occurs in that part of the image field that is some distance from the principal axis of the system....
comb filter
A filter that passes a series of wavelength regions that are at equal distances from one another, such that its output resembles the teeth of a comb. In video transmission, a comb filter is used to...
COMINT
An acronym for communications intelligence, referring to the collection of communications signals in the VHF and UHF frequency ranges (20 to 1200 MHz).
COMINT
communications intelligence
common optoelectronics laser detection system
A laser warning and countermeasure system containing a sensor that indicates the direction of a laser beam, and analytical instruments to determine pulse code, repetition frequency and wavelength.
compacting
The heat-treating method in which the index of refraction of glass is fixed near or at its maximum value by holding the glass for different periods at suitable degrees of heat below the range of...
companding
A deliberately nonlinear amplitude modulation that strengthens weak signals and reduces strong signals for transmission.
comparator
1. An eyepiece or magnifier with a scale at its image plane. That scale is placed in contact with an object, permitting direct measurement of its size. 2. Also called traveling stage and traveling...
comparison spectroscope
A device used for the comparison of spectra used, in turn, for the comparison of elements, such as the absorption lines in the spectra of stars and the spectra of elements in the stars being observed.
compensating eyepiece
A microscope eyepiece designed for use with apochromatic objectives. Since apochromatic objectives are undercorrected for lateral color, these eyepieces are overcorrected for that aberration.
compensating filter
A filter used in photography to change the spectral composition of light entering a camera, or to adjust color balance during printing.
compensating wedge
->
measuring wedge
A wedge in a rangefinder or heightfinder used to displace the image produced by one telescope so that it coincides with that produced by the other telescope, thus affording a measurement of the...
complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) refers to a technology used in the fabrication of integrated circuits, particularly semiconductor devices like microprocessors, memory chips, and image...
component
1. A constituent part. It may consist of two or more parts cemented together, or with near and approximately matching surfaces. 2. The projection of a vector on a certain coordinate axis or along a...
composite video
A type of video signal in which the luminance and chrominance portions of the signal, or the luma and chroma, have been combined according to standards such as NTSC, PAL or SECAM.
composite wave filter
A transducer composed of more than one high-pass, bandpass, low-pass or band-elimination filter.
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Photonics Dictionary
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