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8,726 terms

Photonics Dictionary

vignetting

In an optical system, the gradual reduction of image illuminance as the off-axis angle increases, resulting from limitations of the clear apertures of elements within the system.

VIM

video-intensified microscopy

VIP

virtual image processing

VIR

vertical interval reference

virtual base

The product of the actual base or baseline of a rangefinder or heightfinder, and the power or magnification of the instrument.

virtual histology

Virtual histology refers to the use of digital technology and computational methods to simulate or recreate histological images and structures without the need for traditional physical slides and...

virtual image

An image that is formed when rays emerging from an optical system are diverging from the optical axis. The virtual image is formed where the bundle of diverging rays appear to intersect each other...

virtual reality

Virtual reality (VR) is a computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional environment or experience that can be interacted with and explored by an individual using electronic devices, such as a...

virtual retinal display

The use of miniature scanners to project raster-scanned video images directly onto the surface of the human retina, eliminating the need for a projection surface.

VIS

visible

VISDTA

video imaging system for detection, tracking and assessment

visibility

The maximum distance at which the eye can perceive and evaluate objects.

visibility meter

1. An instrument used to determine the visual range in an environment. 2. A type of photometer that artificially reduces an object's visibility to threshold limits and records the quantity of...

visible spectrum

That region of the electromagnetic spectrum to which the retina is sensitive and by which the eye sees. It extends from about 400 to 750 nm in wavelength.

visible

That term pertaining to the spectral region that can be perceived by the eye.

visioceilometer

An instrument that uses an erbium:glass laser to determine cloud height from the ground.

vision-transformer networks

Vision transformer (ViT) networks are neural network architectures that apply the Transformer architecture, originally developed for natural language processing, to the task of processing visual...

visual angle

The angle subtended by an object at the point of observation.

visual axis

An imaginary line between the object, through the nodal point of the eye, and the fovea, or point of finest retinal acuity.

visual binaries

A pair of stars (double star) that can be seen separately with a telescope, generally by setting a filar micrometer for the separation and position angle. Observation of visual binaries improves with...

visual detection and ranging

Visual detection and ranging (ViDAR) is a technology that utilizes optical sensors, such as cameras or other imaging devices, to detect and track objects in the surrounding environment. Unlike...

visual fault locator

A device that enables visual tracing of a fiber optic cable to check for breaks and defects by coupling visible light into the cable. Also called fiber tracer.

visual field

The angular field of view that is seen by the eyes when fixed on a point straight ahead. The normal binocular visual field is approximately 130° in diameter.

visual photometer

A photometer that permits visual comparison of the luminance of two surfaces.

visual range

The value of the expanse of b-particles in an absorber, evaluated by visual examination of breaks in the absorption curve.

visual storage tube

An electron tube that stores and visually displays information by means of a cathode-ray-beam-scanning and charge-storage mechanism.

visual test chart

A series of high contrast block letters or similar objects arranged to permit the evaluation of eyesight in humans.

visually coupled airborne systems simulator

A visual system including a tiny television tube and imaging optics, all contained in a helmet to be worn by pilots in flight simulator training.

visually coupled display -> helmet-mounted display

A compact optical projection system, mounted on or built into a helmet, and used to project data or a scene directly into the eyes of the wearer. Also called visually coupled display.

vitreous

Having the characteristics of glass.

vitreous humor

The transparent fluid that fills the portion of the eye between the eye lens and the retina (the posterior chamber).

vitreous silica -> fused silica

Glass consisting of almost pure silicon dioxide (SiO2). Also called vitreous silica. Frequently used in optical fibers and windows.

VLA

very large array

VLBI

very long baseline interferometry

VLD

visible laser diode

VLE

vapor levitation epitaxy

VLF

very low frequency

VLP

video long play

VLSI

very large scale integration

velocity modulation

VME

virtual memory extension

VMM

vector matrix multiplication

VOA

variable optical attenuator

void

A blank area (caused by insufficient inking of the paper) that falls within the range of an intended character stroke in an optical character-recognition system.

Voigt effect

The induced birefringence in isotropic gases that results when the gases are placed in strong fields.

voltage contrast analysis

A nondestructive testing method for very large scale integration circuits, using a scanning electron microscope to monitor changes in the electronic state of the chip as it is fed test voltages while...

voltage multiplier

A device that converts alternating voltage to direct voltage, while at the same time increasing its amplitude.

voltaic cell

An electric cell having two electrodes of unlike metals immersed in a solution that chemically affects one or both of them, thus producing an electromotive force.

volume Bragg gratings

Volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) are specialized optical elements that consist of periodic variations in refractive index throughout the volume of a transparent material, typically a photosensitive glass...

volume hologram

A three-dimensional hologram.

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Photonics Dictionary

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