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8,726 terms

Photonics Dictionary

STP

standard temperature and pressure; standard thermal profile

straight-path approximation

The determination of axially symmetric and asymmetric refractive-index distributions by use of interferometry carried out on the basis of the approximation of a straight path of rays passing through...

strain

In optics, the mechanical tension, compression or shear in optical glass due to internal stress caused by improper cooling or annealing during manufacture of the glass or the subsequent working of...

strain measuring equipment -> photoelasticity

The process of determining, with the aid of plane-polarized light, the stress distribution in materials under complex systems of loading.

strain viewer

A viewer that uses the transmittance of polarized light through glass or a similar medium to examine strained regions. See polariscope.

streak camera

A streak camera is a specialized instrument used to capture and analyze ultrafast phenomena, such as extremely short pulses of light or rapidly changing events. Unlike traditional cameras that...

Strehl ratio

The ratio of the illuminance at the peak of the diffraction pattern of an aberrated point image to that at the peak of an aberration-free image as formed by the same optical system.

strength member

A strand of aramid yarn, steel or fiberglass in an optical cable intended to prevent bending or stretching that would damage the transport medium.

stress birefringence

Birefringence of materials that is induced or altered by stress fields.

stress corrosion

A type of fatigue found in optical fibers, caused by water or another corroding agent.

stress-applying part

In polarization-preserving optical fibers, the element used to induce birefringence. The SAP is highly doped to provide a different coefficient of expansion from the rest of the fiber material; when...

stressed mirror polishing

A method of polishing an aspheric surface by mechanically distorting the optic while polishing the surface to a perfect sphere. When the stress is released, the substrate assumes the desired aspheric...

striae

An imperfection in optical glass consisting of a distinct streak of transparent material having a slightly different refractive index from the body of glass. It is caused by improper mixing of...

string

Wavy transparent line in a sheet of glass appearing as though a thread of glass had been incorporated into the sheet.

strioscopy -> zero-order filtering

The removal of the zero-order component of the Fourier spectrum distribution of an object with a small, opaque absorber or reflector in the Fourier plane, to produce images that appear bright on a...

stripe laser

In rudimentary form, this technology consists of diffusion of a PN junction through a mask of silica, over which a contact is applied.

stripper

A tool used to remove the outer cladding of an optical fiber without damaging the fiber core.

stripwound hose

A type of sheathing for fiber optic cable that incorporates a coil of metal; often used in harsh environments.

stroboscope

A device that produces brief flashes of light for observing the behavior of an object during a short interval. One of the most effective means for accomplishing this is a gaseous tube energized by...

stroboscopic interferometry

A pulsed interferometer that permits the continuous quantitative mapping of the surface deformation of an adaptive optical element (e.g., a deformable mirror) and provides the capability for...

stroboscopic light source

An electronic flash tube capable of repeated operation at hundreds or thousands of flashes per second for long periods.

strobotron

A specified cold-cathode gas tube used to apply a short-duration, high-power arc for a stroboscope.

stroke pattern

The pattern formed by a character generation cathode-ray tube system, in which the characters are composed of a sequence of line segments (strokes) generated by the electron beam motion with time...

structural character recognition

An approach to character recognition based on the structure of the character to be identified (number of straight lines, bays, holes, etc.); used where simple matching is not viable, as in...

structural color

Structural color refers to coloration in materials that is not caused by pigments or dyes but is instead a result of the physical structure of the material. In structural color, the interaction of...

structure function

The mean square difference in a spatial parameter at points spaced a given distance.

structured illumination microscopy

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is an advanced optical imaging technique used in microscopy to enhance the resolution of images beyond the diffraction limit imposed by traditional light...

structured light

The projection of a plane or grid pattern of light onto an object. It can be used for the determination of three-dimensional characteristics of the object from the observed deflections that result.

structuring element

The pattern used as a probe in morphological image processing to manipulate the size and shape of objects in an image.

STS

stimulated thermal scattering

Sturm interval

The distance between two focal lines in an astigmatic image produced by a lens or mirror.

stylus indicator alignment

A method used in surface quality testing for accurate positioning and rotation of metal spheres about an axis or fixed point in space that involves a sliding contact between the indicator and tip and...

stylus profilometer

A measuring instrument used for surface profiling and quantifying the roughness of a material. The stylus is placed on the surface of the material at a given contact force, then is moved laterally...

styrene acrylonitrile

A copolymer of styrene and acrylic used in molded optical components; it has a high refractive index and a low coefficient of thermal expansion.

subscriber loop

That portion of the telecommunications network that runs from a local central telephone to the subscriber premises.

substage condenser

In a microscope, the optical assembly that focuses light on the specimen and into the objective.

substrate

A substrate refers to a material or surface upon which another material or process is applied or deposited. In various fields, such as electronics, biology, chemistry, and manufacturing, the term...

subtractive color process

The basic process of color photography whereby colors are subtracted from white light by means of filters, making all colors and intensities available.

subtractive colors

Cyan, magenta and yellow. They are called subtractive because they each subtract one color by absorbtion and reflect the two others of the red, green, blue color primaries. Cyan absorbs red, magenta...

Suits' model

Family of deterministic models of plant canopy reflectance that provides deterministic formulation for each necessary parameter and a method to calculate reflectance as a function of sun and observer...

sum of slopes

Heat loss determined by the sum of rising and falling slopes at a constant temperature.

sun synchronous

Characterizes an Earth-orbiting satellite whose orbit plane is near polar and positioned at an altitude that allows it to pass over every spot on the Earth at identical local sun time twice a day.

sun-tracking concentrator

Controlled beam technology that introduces beams of sunlight through holes in a roof that are relayed throughout the building by a series of mirrors and lenses. Ideally, cool lighting is obtained by...

sunlight recorder

An instrument consisting essentially of a photoelectric cell filtered to respond to a specified wavelength region, an amplifier of sufficient gain to provide power enough to control movement of a...

superchromatic correction

Correction of an optical system at four separate wavelengths. This correction, longitudinal and lateral, is possible with the help of three selected special glasses.

superconductor

A metal, alloy or compound that loses its electrical resistance at temperatures below a certain transition temperature referred to as Tc. High-temperature superconductors occur near 130 K, while...

supercontinuum

Supercontinuum refers to a broad spectrum of light that spans a wide range of wavelengths, typically from the visible to the near-infrared or even mid-infrared regions of the electromagnetic...

superelastic collision

Observed phenomenon in laser pulses in which a large number of excited electrons are created and in which multiphoton processes have produced seed electrons, and excited neutral atoms are...

superfluorescence

The process in which the normal rate of fluorescent emission from a substance is enhanced by virtue of the optical gain of the medium; i.e., energy is lost not only by spontaneous emission but also...

superior mirage

An image of an object that appears above the object's true position as the result of abnormal refraction of the image rays by the atmosphere.

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Photonics Dictionary

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