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Photonics Dictionary

step-and-repeat printer
A projection printer that is capable of reproducing a multiplicity of images from a master transparency on a single support coated with a photosensitive layer by indexing the receiving material from...
stepper motor
A positioning drive that rotates a fraction of a 360° turn when the motor coils are activated, resulting in linear or rotary motion. They are generally one of two types, either variable...
steradian
The unit solid angle subtended at the center of a sphere by an area on its surface equivalent to the square of the radius; the unit of solid angular measurement, often used in problems of...
sterance
Flux per unit solid angle and per unit area measured normal to the direction of propagation of the flux.
stereo acuity
The ability to perceive binocularly the apparent depth and relative distance of objects.
stereo camera
A camera with two taking lenses and synchronized shutters. Two images are recorded simultaneously on separate frames, producing a three-dimensional image when viewed through the proper apparatus.
stereo compilation
Extraction of three-dimensional measurements from a stereo pair of photographs.
stereo projector
A projector designed to give each of the observer's eyes its own disparate image.
stereocomparator
1. A stereoscope that has adjustable scales to allow the determination of distances and dimensions from stereoscopic photographs. 2. A device used to view pictures of the same section of the night...
stereolithography
A method of creating real three-dimensional models by using lasers driven by CAD software. In contrast to the normal practice of removing material, this process polymerizes a liquid to quickly...
stereomicrography
Technique that provides two stereographic views of an object that are larger than the object itself, by means of mutually inclined lens axes or nominal separation of axes of parallel lenses.
stereomicroscope
Wide-field, low-magnification device that consists of two compound microscopes focused on a single object, producing an erect three-dimensional image.
stereomicroscopy
The use of a specialized optical microscope designed to provide a more three-dimensional view of a sample. Stereomicroscopy usually uses reflected light and provides enhanced depth perception via the...
stereoplotting
The imaging of two photographs of a stereo pair, in complementary colors, for the preparation of contour maps.
stereopsis
The perception of depth due to binocular vision.
stereoscope
A small instrument containing a picture support and a pair of magnifying lenses so arranged that the left eye sees only the picture taken with the left lens of the stereo camera, and the right eye...
stereoscopic distortion
An exaggerated depth appearance in stereo photographs caused by the lenses in the camera being farther apart than the eyes of the viewer.
stereoscopic photography
The photographing of a scene from positions corresponding to the locations of both eyes. A viewing device is used to present one picture to each eye for fusion of the retinal images, giving a...
stereoscopic radius
The maximum distance at which the stereoscopic effect may be observed. With respect to the unaided human eye, it has been estimated at about 1500 ft.
stereoscopic rangefinder
A rangefinder similar to a pair of binoculars with a long base, a dot or other wander mark provided in each eyepiece field, together forming an apparent point in space. When one dot is moved...
stereoscopic television
A television system in which the images produced appear three-dimensional.
stereoscopic vision
Vision in depth of three dimensions as a result of the spacing of the eyes. This spacing allows the eyes to see objects from slightly different points of view.
stereoscopy
The array of methods used in the transmission and reception of pictures and images with a three-dimensional appearance.
stibine gas
The purest gas source of antimony, which is used in the manufacture of compound semiconductors for IR sensors and solid-state lasers.
stick machine
A polishing machine with a lens mounted on a wooden stick, allowing a very wide sweep. It is used to polish hemispherical or hyper-hemispherical surfaces.
stick marks
The fine scratches formed when, in hand centering, the forked stick used to move the lens on the chuck marks the rotating lens surface.
stiction
In positioning, the friction that prevents immediate motion when force is first applied to a body or surface at rest.
stilb
A unit of luminance that is equal to one candela/cm2. (sb).
stimulated Brillouin scattering
In Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS), an incident photon (usually laser light) interacts with acoustic phonons in a medium. The energy and momentum of the incident photon are transferred to the...
stimulated emission
Radiation similar in origin to spontaneous emission but determined by the presence of other radiation having the same frequency. Because the phase and amplitude of the stimulated wave depend on the...
STED
stimulated emission depletion
stimulated Raman scattering -> Raman scattering
Raman scattering, also known as the Raman effect or Raman spectroscopy, is a phenomenon in which light undergoes inelastic scattering when interacting with matter, such as molecules, crystals, or...
stimulated thermal scattering
Light from a pulsed laser focused into nonsaturable absorbing fluid that generates a strongly backscattered light beam with a frequency higher than that of the incident light.
Stirling coolers
Employ a Stirling engine for cryogenic cooling.
Stirling engine
An engine in which work is performed by the expansion of a gas at high temperature; heat for the expansion is supplied through the wall of the piston cylinder.
stitching
The process of creating a large, panoramic image by aligning and joining a set of smaller images. Image processing is used to obscure the edges between the smaller images, producing a seamless...
STM
scanning tunneling microscope; synchronous transfer mode
STN
supertwisted nematic
stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy
Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) is a superresolution microscopy technique that enables imaging of biological specimens at resolutions beyond the diffraction limit of conventional...
stoichiometry
The determination of what, how much and in what proportions chemicals must be combined to produce the desired reactions and products.
Stokes line
A line of the Raman spectrum that fulfills Stokes' law because it possesses a wavelength that is greater than the radiation that stimulated the luminescence of the source.
Stokes parameters
The parameters, relative to polarized light and the Poincaré sphere, that are usually represented as: I, the intensity of the light beam; M, that part of the beam polarized in the horizontal plane;...
Stokes' law
Relative to radiation wavelength, the law that states that the wavelength of luminescence stimulated by radiation always surpasses that of the stimulating radiation.
stone
An opaque inclusion in glass that contains undissolved or crystalline material. Also known as a seed.
stop down
To reduce the size of a lens aperture, which increases the depth of field.
stop-motion camera
A motion-picture camera that can be advanced one frame at a time, either randomly or at set intervals. Used in animation and time-lapse photography.
storage area network
A high-speed network or subnetwork that provides a connection between servers and data storage devices.
storage time
Interval between cutting off a photoconductor's signal and the fall of current output to 90 percent.
storage tube
A cathode-ray tube combined with an electrostatic storage unit that is used to introduce, store and retrieve information translated into electric charge form.
stored beam hologram
A term referring to the pre-exposed hologram of the subject used in holographic interferometry.

Photonics Dictionary

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