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Photonics Dictionary
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three-filter densities
Integral densities that are measured relative to arbitrarily selected red, green and blue filters.
three-five
Referring to compound semiconductor materials combining one element that has three valence electrons with one or more that have five. Examples include gallium arsenide and indium antimonide. (III-V).
three-level laser
A laser having a material, such as ruby, that has an energy state structure of three levels: the ground state (1) wherein excitation applied to the material raises ions in the material into the...
three-photon microscopy
Three-photon microscopy is an advanced imaging technique that belongs to the family of multi-photon microscopy methods. It is used in biological and medical research to capture high-resolution images...
threshold
1. In visual perception, the minimum value of stimulus that can be perceived on the average. 2. In optical detection systems, that signal level at which the probability of detection is 50 percent.
threshold contrast
In visual perception, the smallest difference in illumination perceived on the average.
threshold current
The minimum driving current corresponding to lasing threshold at a specified temperature. (Ith).
threshold test
In laser damage testing, the exposure of many sites of a sample to different intensities of laser irradiation to discover the point at which the laser induces failure of the material.
threshold voltage
1. Voltage at which a PN junction begins to pass a current. 2. In a solid-state lamp, the voltage at which light is first emitted.
threshold wavelength
The greatest wavelength of radiation for a specified surface for the emission of electrons.
thresholding
The process of defining a specific intensity level for determining which of two values will be assigned to each pixel in binary processing. If the pixel's brightness is above the threshold level, it...
throughput
->
etendue
A product of the area of a light beam (normal to its direction of propagation) and the solid angle that the beam includes; flux per unit radiance or luminance. Alternative terms: geometric extent,...
thyratron
An arc discharge tube having a grid that is used to start the discharge through an atmosphere of inert gas or vapor at low pressure.
thyristor
A family of semiconductor switching devices of which the silicon-controlled rectifier and the triac are most commonly used. They are fabricated from four positive and negative alternating layers.
TIA
transimpedance amplifier; Telecommunications Industry Association
TID
time interval distribution
TIFF
tag-based image file format
tight buffer
Protective material surrounding the cladding of an optical fiber that allows the fiber no play within it.
TIM
->
thermal interface materials
Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are substances or compounds used to enhance the thermal conductivity between two surfaces in contact. These materials are primarily employed in electronic devices,...
time constant
The amount of time needed for a detector signal or electronic circuit to reach 63 percent of its final value after a fixed incident power is first applied.
time delay generator
->
digital delay generator
An instrument that can preselect intervals, often in increments of 1, 10 or 100 ns, for the generation of electronic pulses by means of front-panel switches. Also called a time-delay generator.
time delay integration
A method of scanning in which a frame transfer device produces a continuous video image of a moving object by means of a stack of linear arrays aligned with and synchronized to the movement of the...
time division multiplex
The process or device by which more than one signal can be sent over a single channel by using different time intervals for the different signals. This may be done by varying the pulse duration,...
time domain
The time domain is a concept used in signal processing and analysis to describe signals in terms of their behavior over time. In the time domain, signals are represented as functions of time, showing...
time of flight
(TOF) The length of time needed for a signal to arrive at and be reflected from the target. The basis of an active autoranging/autofocus system.
time smear
The elongation of a transmitted data pulse through a fiber optic due to the chromatic dispersion of the fiber material.
time-averaged holographic interferometry
Multiple exposures of holograms, one for each position of a vibrating image, that are used for vibration analysis and that yield a record of the time-averaged irradiance distribution at the hologram...
time-averaged holography
Although low in sensitivity (approximately 10-7 m for helium-neon lasers), this holographic technique permits quantitative assessment of entire vibratory patterns of given structures in a single...
time-correlated single photon counting
Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is a technique used in photon counting applications, particularly in the field of experimental physics, biophysics, and fluorescence lifetime imaging...
time-domain reflectometer
See optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR).
time-lapse camera
A cine camera that exposes a series of individual frames to record the changes in a subject that slowly alters with time. This results in the eventual showing of an event that happened over an...
time-lapse optical coherence tomography
Time-lapse optical coherence tomography (OCT) refers to a medical imaging technique that captures a series of sequential OCT scans over time, allowing for the dynamic observation and monitoring of...
time-resolved ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry
Time-resolved ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry (TR-UV-PDMS) is a specialized analytical technique used in mass spectrometry to study the dynamics of chemical reactions, molecular...
time-sharing laser
A laser fitted with up to eight optical fibers that transmit the energy to different workstations in turn.
time-to-amplitude converter
A time-to-amplitude converter (TAC) is an electronic circuit that converts a time interval between two events into an amplitude or voltage signal. TACs are commonly used in various scientific and...
TIMI
temperature-insensitive Michelson interferometer
tip-enhanced Raman scattering
Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) is a powerful technique that combines Raman spectroscopy with the enhanced spatial resolution provided by a sharp metallic or dielectric tip. TERS allows...
tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
A spectroscopic technique that combines the high chemical specificity of Raman scattering and signal sensitivity provided by surface plasmon resonance enhancement, with the nanoscale spatial...
TIR
total internal reflection; total image runout; total indicator reading
TIR-FM
total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy
TIR-FPL
total internal reflection face-pumped laser
TIRF
total internal reflection fluorescence
TIROS
television and infrared observation satellite
tissue optics
The study of the optical properties of living tissue. Increased understanding of the behavior of light in this varied, turbid medium, especially its scattering and absorption characteristics, is...
tissue welding
The use of a surgical laser instead of sutures or staples to close a wound or rejoin severed blood vessels.
Ti:sapphire laser
A Ti:sapphire laser is a type of solid-state laser that utilizes a titanium-doped sapphire crystal as the gain medium. The name Ti:sapphire comes from the combination of titanium (Ti) as the dopant...
TL
transforming lens
TLC
thin-layer chromatography
TLP
transmission line pulse
TLV
threshold limit value
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Photonics Dictionary
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