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8,236 terms
Photonics Dictionary
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star topology
In local area networking, arrangement of the satellite nodes around a central node through which all routing of network data takes place.
staring sensor array
->
mosaic detector array
A group of photosensors arranged in a grid-like pattern covering the entire field of view, enabling them to record it all at once (as a camera records an image on film) rather than by scanning parts...
Stark broadening
Spectrum broadening that results from the influence of an electric field.
Stark effect
The splitting or shifting of spectral lines or energy levels caused by the application of a strong transverse electrical field. It often is studied with a canal-ray tube that has a third electrode...
starting voltage
In a laser, the voltage necessary to initiate electrical discharge, somewhat higher than that needed to sustain it.
static beam alignment
The degree to which a laser beam is aligned parallel to the housing axis.
static beam shaping
A technique for creating optimal performance in a system by producing a specific beam irradiance distribution, usually through the use of geometric optics. A common design involves the use of ray...
static electricity
->
electrostatic charge
The effect produced by electrical charges or fields alone, without interaction with magnetic influence.
static fatigue
The application of a constant stress to an optical fiber.
STC
Science & Technology Center
steady-state condition
->
equilibrium mode distribution
The condition in a multimode optical waveguide in which the relative power distribution among the propagating modes is independent of length.
stealth
That characteristic which makes a weapon system less visible to radar, optical, acousto-optic, infrared and other military sensors.
STED microscopy
STED microscopy, or stimulated emission depletion microscopy, is a superresolution imaging technique in fluorescence microscopy that surpasses the diffraction limit, enabling the visualization of...
Stefan-Boltzmann law
The formula that indicates the total radiation at all wavelengths from a perfect blackbody. W Total = 5.67 x 10-12 T 4(W/cm2)
stellar interferometer
->
Michelson stellar interferometer
An interferometer constructed to be positioned on a telescope to measure the angular separation of the components of double stars.
stellar parallax
The angle subtended by the mean distance of the Earth from the sun at the distance of a given star from the sun.
stellar photometry
The utilization of photometric measurement to determine the relative magnitudes of the heavenly bodies.
STEM
scanning transmission electron microscope
stencil CRT image generation
The projection of the image beam by a cathode-ray tube through a mask, where it is deflected through the suitable character position in the mask and then deflected by another system to its suitable...
step index fiber
An optical fiber in which the core is of uniform refractive index.
step index profile
A profile of an optical component, usually a fiber, in which the core is of uniform refractive index and the cladding or surrounding optical surface of a different, usually lower, index.
step response
The observed time dependence of the transmittance of a step of radiation through a given medium.
step tablets
In sensitometric testing, a series of areas progressing by equal density steps (usually the increments between steps are equal to the logarithm of the square root of two). They are commonly used in...
step-and-repeat camera
A type of camera that has scales or other arrangements by which successive exposures can be lined up and equally spaced on a sheet of film. It is used in the preparation of microfiche copies of...
step-and-repeat printer
A projection printer that is capable of reproducing a multiplicity of images from a master transparency on a single support coated with a photosensitive layer by indexing the receiving material from...
stepper motor
A positioning drive that rotates a fraction of a 360° turn when the motor coils are activated, resulting in linear or rotary motion. They are generally one of two types, either variable...
steradian
The unit solid angle subtended at the center of a sphere by an area on its surface equivalent to the square of the radius; the unit of solid angular measurement, often used in problems of...
sterance
Flux per unit solid angle and per unit area measured normal to the direction of propagation of the flux.
stereo acuity
The ability to perceive binocularly the apparent depth and relative distance of objects.
stereo camera
A camera with two taking lenses and synchronized shutters. Two images are recorded simultaneously on separate frames, producing a three-dimensional image when viewed through the proper apparatus.
stereo compilation
Extraction of three-dimensional measurements from a stereo pair of photographs.
stereo projector
A projector designed to give each of the observer's eyes its own disparate image.
stereocomparator
1. A stereoscope that has adjustable scales to allow the determination of distances and dimensions from stereoscopic photographs. 2. A device used to view pictures of the same section of the night...
stereolithography
A method of creating real three-dimensional models by using lasers driven by CAD software. In contrast to the normal practice of removing material, this process polymerizes a liquid to quickly...
stereomicrography
Technique that provides two stereographic views of an object that are larger than the object itself, by means of mutually inclined lens axes or nominal separation of axes of parallel lenses.
stereomicroscope
Wide-field, low-magnification device that consists of two compound microscopes focused on a single object, producing an erect three-dimensional image.
stereomicroscopy
The use of a specialized optical microscope designed to provide a more three-dimensional view of a sample. Stereomicroscopy usually uses reflected light and provides enhanced depth perception via the...
stereoplotting
The imaging of two photographs of a stereo pair, in complementary colors, for the preparation of contour maps.
stereopsis
The perception of depth due to binocular vision.
stereoscope
A small instrument containing a picture support and a pair of magnifying lenses so arranged that the left eye sees only the picture taken with the left lens of the stereo camera, and the right eye...
stereoscopic distortion
An exaggerated depth appearance in stereo photographs caused by the lenses in the camera being farther apart than the eyes of the viewer.
stereoscopic photography
The photographing of a scene from positions corresponding to the locations of both eyes. A viewing device is used to present one picture to each eye for fusion of the retinal images, giving a...
stereoscopic radius
The maximum distance at which the stereoscopic effect may be observed. With respect to the unaided human eye, it has been estimated at about 1500 ft.
stereoscopic rangefinder
A rangefinder similar to a pair of binoculars with a long base, a dot or other wander mark provided in each eyepiece field, together forming an apparent point in space. When one dot is moved...
stereoscopic television
A television system in which the images produced appear three-dimensional.
stereoscopic vision
Vision in depth of three dimensions as a result of the spacing of the eyes. This spacing allows the eyes to see objects from slightly different points of view.
stereoscopy
The array of methods used in the transmission and reception of pictures and images with a three-dimensional appearance.
stibine gas
The purest gas source of antimony, which is used in the manufacture of compound semiconductors for IR sensors and solid-state lasers.
stick machine
A polishing machine with a lens mounted on a wooden stick, allowing a very wide sweep. It is used to polish hemispherical or hyper-hemispherical surfaces.
stick marks
The fine scratches formed when, in hand centering, the forked stick used to move the lens on the chuck marks the rotating lens surface.
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Photonics Dictionary
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