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8,236 terms
Photonics Dictionary
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speckle metrology
Refers to the variety of techniques that use the interference pattern produced by laser light diffusely reflected by an object. There are two basic techniques: direct laser photography, used when...
speckle noise
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modal noise
In an optical system, noise created by mode-dependent optical losses and variations in the distribution of radiant power among the modes or relative phases of the modes. Also known as speckle noise.
speckle pattern
A power intensity pattern produced by the mutual interference of partially coherent beams that are subject to minute temporal and spatial fluctuations.
SPECT
single-photon emission computed tomography
spectra
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optical spectrum
1.) Generally, the electromagnetic spectrum within the wavelength region extending from the vacuum ultraviolet at 40 nm to the far-infrared at 1 mm. 2.) The wavelength or color distribution...
spectral
Pertaining to or as a function of wavelength. Spectral quantities are evaluated at a single wavelength.
spectral bandwidth
The wavelength interval in which radiant intensity is at least 50 percent of the maximum spectral value.
spectral centroid
Average wavelength usually determined for light-transmitting devices by taking a weighted average for each wavelength of the spectral energy distribution of incident light, transmittance of the...
spectral domain optical coherence tomography
Spectral domain optical coherence tomography is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics, particularly in ophthalmology, to visualize and analyze the internal structures of biological...
spectral flow cytometry
Spectral flow cytometry is an advanced flow cytometry technique that expands the capabilities of traditional flow cytometry by utilizing spectral information from fluorochromes to enhance...
spectral integral density
With respect to color photography, the measurement, at a given wavelength, of the way the color film modulates the radiant flux in the optical system containing the film.
spectral line
A narrow range of emitted or absorbed wavelengths.
spectral line shift
A slight displacement in the position of a spectral line because of an alteration in frequency, as a result, in turn, of a cause such as the Doppler effect.
spectral luminous efficacy
Ratio of the luminous flux in a beam of radiation to the spectral radiant flux in the same beam at a given wavelength.
spectral luminous efficiency
Ratio of the radiant flux at a particular wavelength lm to that at any other wavelength l, such that both radiations produce equally intense luminous sensations. The wavelength lm is chosen so that...
spectral order (diffraction grating)
When, for example, a beam of monochromatic light passes through a diffraction grating, the emergent rays that have remained undeviated are included in the zero spectral order. The light flux in the...
spectral power distribution
The relative power emitted by a source as a function of wavelength. It determines the color-rendering properties of the source.
spectral pyrheliometer
Any pyrheliometer that has a filter placed over its sensor to limit the range of solar radiation it will detect; used to determine the distribution of solar radiation over its visible and into its...
spectral repeatability
Spectral repeatability refers to the consistency and reproducibility of spectral measurements across multiple trials or instances. It is a measure of how well a measurement instrument or system can...
spectral response
Measure of a detector's signal during exposure to radiation of a constant power level and varying wavelength.
spectral series
A classification of particular regularities that occur in the spectra of many atoms.
spectral signature
A spectral signature, in the context of remote sensing and spectroscopy, refers to the unique pattern or characteristic spectral response of a material or object across different wavelengths of the...
spectral width
A measure of the wavelength extent of a spectrum.
spectral window
A wavelength region of relatively high transmittance, surrounded by regions of low transmittance.
spectrobolometer
A combination spectrometer and bolometer that is designed to measure a narrow band of radiation from a star.
spectrochemical equipment
Equipment used for chemical analysis by investigation of the spectra formed and observed in chemical activity. Of particular use are spectrographs for recording the emission spectra of substances...
spectrofluorometer
An automatic scanning instrument that is used to study a substance's fluorescence over a wide range of wavelengths. It consists of a radiation source, a grating that functions as the monochromator in...
spectrogram
A chart formed by a spectrograph; the record of the spectral range. See spectrograph.
spectrogrammetric reading equipment
Spectra can be conveniently recorded on photographic film or plates. The portions that are occupied by regions of the recorded developed images on the film or plate can be determined with some...
spectrograph
An optical instrument for forming the spectrum of a light source and recording it on a film. The dispersing medium may be a prism or a diffraction grating. A concave grating requires no other means...
spectrographic electrode
The hollow electrode used in emission spectroscopy to hold the material to be examined and, using an arc or spark source, to vaporize it in the flame.
spectrographic slits
The slits in a spectrograph that form images of spectral lines. Slits may be bilateral or unilateral, and generally close down to 0.01 mm and open up to almost a whole millimeter. The edges of the...
spectrography
The production and analysis of spectra with the use of a spectrograph.
spectroheliogram
The image of the sun produced by a spectroheliograph.
spectroheliograph
An instrument in which an image of the sun is scanned by the entrance slit of a monochromator, the exit slit simultaneously scanning a photographic plate for analysis of the solar spectral lines. If...
spectrohelioscope
An instrument similar to the spectroheliograph, but having a scanning method that is performed by a pair of rapidly oscillating slits or a rotating glass block located before a pair of fixed slits at...
spectrometer mask
A high-contrast transparency of the gas sought, or an array of exit slits that correlates with some features of the spectrum. No standardized formula for positioning, number or thickness has been...
spectrometer
A kind of spectrograph in which some form of detector, other than a photographic film, is used to measure the distribution of radiation in a particular wavelength region.
spectrometric analysis
The analysis of spectra and their components, determined from their measurements.
spectrometric oil analysis
An analytical technique used to determine, identify and localize impending malfunctions. It is based upon quantitative and qualitative measurement of submicroscopic particles suspended in lubricating...
spectrometry
The study and measurement of spectra and their components.
spectrophone technique
Gas detection measurement technique that uses a built-in capacitative microphone to calculate the amount of absorbed laser power in a gas cell according to variations of gas pressure.
spectrophotoelectric
Characteristic of the relationship between photoelectric activity and the wavelength of incident radiation.
spectrophotometer
A spectrophotometer is a scientific instrument used to measure the intensity of light at various wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum, typically in the visible and ultraviolet regions. It is...
spectrophotometric analysis
The detection and measurement of spectral reflectance, spectral transmittance or relative spectral emittance, relative to wavelength.
spectrophotometry
Study of the reflection or transmission properties of specimens as a function of wavelength.
spectropolarimeter
An instrument for plotting the rotatory dispersion of a substance at different wavelengths.
spectroradiometer
A spectroradiometer is a device used to measure the intensity of light at different wavelengths across the electromagnetic spectrum. It provides a detailed spectral distribution of light, breaking...
spectroreflectometer
A spectrophotometer specially designed to measure spectral reflectance.
spectroscope
In a general sense, any one of a class of instruments used to disperse radiation, visible or invisible, into its component wavelengths and for determining or measuring the resultant spectrum. In a...
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Photonics Dictionary
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