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8,289 terms
Photonics Dictionary
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reflected ultraviolet photography
A photographic method used to obtain an image of a subject by means of its reflectance of incident ultraviolet radiation. An ultraviolet source is used to irradiate the subject, while the reflected...
reflecting galvanometer
A galvanometer having a small mirror that is mounted on a moving element and that reflects a light beam onto a scale.
reflecting microscope
A microscope that uses a reflecting objective; often used with ultraviolet or infrared radiation.
reflecting objective
An image-forming system that uses mirrors rather than lenses. Such objectives are frequently used for astronomical telescopes and in ultraviolet microscopes.
reflecting prism
A prism having several plane polished surfaces, some to transmit light, some to reflect light, and some to serve both functions in succession. It acts generally as a group of plane mirrors held in a...
reflecting spectrograph
A solar spectrograph that uses long focus concave mirrors as its collimator and camera element.
reflecting telescope
A telescope that uses a reflecting objective to focus an image of a distant object at a focal point.
reflection
Return of radiation by a surface, without change in wavelength. The reflection may be specular, from a smooth surface; diffuse, from a rough surface or from within the specimen; or mixed, a...
reflection coefficient
Parametric measurement for elliptical fiber and cable expressed as a ratio of the two-directional flow of power through the cable at any chosen point.
reflection echelon
An echelon in which the dihedral angle between the faces of the groove is 90°.
reflection factor
->
reflectance factor
Ratio of the directionally reflected flux to that reflected in the same direction by a perfect reflecting diffuser identically irradiated or illuminated.
reflection grating
A reflection grating is an optical component that consists of a series of closely spaced, parallel reflecting surfaces or grooves. These grooves are typically ruled or etched onto a flat substrate or...
reflection hologram
A hologram that is illuminated by a source from the viewer's side.
reflection reduction coating
The thin, transparent film made up of specific substances applied to glass-air surfaces for the purpose of decreasing the amount of reflected light.
reflection x-ray microscopy
A means of high resolution study through the application of soft and hard x-rays onto a sample surface in order to obtain image information from 1-10 nm layers and surfaces. The x-ray source emission...
reflective coating
Thin-film coating, single or multilayer, that is applied to a substrate to increase its reflectance over a specified range of wavelengths. Metal film, transparent or opaque, is the oldest form of...
reflective heat mirror
->
diathermic mirror
A mirror coated to reflect cold (white) light while transmitting hot (infrared) energy.
reflective spectroscopy
Reflectance spectroscopy is a technique used to analyze the reflective properties of materials across various wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. By measuring the reflectance of light from a...
reflective
The term reflective is an adjective that describes the ability of a surface or material to reflect light or other forms of radiation. It implies the capability of bouncing back or redirecting...
reflectivity
The ratio of the intensity of the total radiation reflected from a surface to the total incident on that surface.
reflectometer
An instrument for measuring reflectance.
reflector
A type of conducting surface or material used to reflect radiant energy.
reflector lamp
A lamp used in projection that is made with a reflector built into the bulb, normally by coating a portion of its interior with a reflective material to ensure the reflector's optimum position in...
refracted near-field scattering method
->
refracted ray method
The technique for measuring the index profile of an optical fiber by scanning the entrance face with the vertex of a high numerical aperture cone and measuring the change in power of refracted...
refracted ray
A light ray that has had its direction altered because of its traversing an air-to-glass interface at some angle. In an optical waveguide, a ray that is refracted from the core into the cladding.
refracted ray method
The technique for measuring the index profile of an optical fiber by scanning the entrance face with the vertex of a high numerical aperture cone and measuring the change in power of refracted...
refracted wave
A wave of radiation that has undergone refraction.
refracting prism
A prism that often is used as a dispersing element in spectrographs and monochromators.
refracting sphere
A transparent sphere that has an index of refraction that is different from that of the medium surrounding it; used in optics to demonstrate refraction and astigmatic image formation.
refraction
The bending of oblique incident rays as they pass from a medium having one refractive index into a medium with a different refractive index.
refractive index
->
index of refraction
The ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to the velocity of light in a refractive material for a given wavelength.
refractive index contrast
A measure of the relative difference in refractive index between two optical materials. Most commonly used in fiber optics where the refractive index contrast, D, is given as follows: where n1 equals...
refractive index liquids
A closely spaced series of well-known chemicals having a refractive index lying between 1.33 for water and 1.95 for a solution of phosphorus in carbon disulfide. They are used to identify powdered...
refractive index profile
The description of the refractive index along a fiber diameter.
refractive index structure function
The mean square difference in refractive index for two separate points in space.
refractometer
An instrument used to measure the refractive index of solids and liquids. Several types exist, the most common being the Abbe refractometer.
refractometry
The method used to determine the refractive index of a given substance.
refresh rate
Rate at which an image on a computer screen is redrawn (usually 50 or 60 Hz) to prevent flicker caused by the decay of the visual image.
regenerative amplifier
A type of multiple-pass amplifier in which no optical leakage is allowed until a finite number of passes has occurred; at this time the entire cavity output is released as one pulse.
regenerative repeater
A repeater that is designed for digital transmission. Also called a regenerator.
region-of-interest processing
Image processing operations performed on one area of an image.
registration shift
A shift in the apparent position of an object when an optical element is added or removed.
regular reflection
->
specular reflection
Pertaining to the manner in which light is reflected, as by a mirror or speculum.
relative aperture
The ratio of the diameter of the entrance pupil in an optical system to the equivalent focal length of that system. The relative aperture is denoted as a fraction in which f, the equivalent focal...
relative brightness
A figure of merit corresponding to the amount of light seen by a viewer through binoculars. A higher number indicates a brighter image in low-light situations. The relative brightness value is...
relative dispersion
->
dispersive power
A measure of the dispersive properties of a glass. The relative dispersion is defined as: where C, D, and F refer to the material's index of refraction at the three chief Fraunhofer lines in the...
relative equilibrium
The steady state of temperature exhibited by a material that has absorbed and emitted radiation equally.
relative index
The ratio of the velocities of light in two adjacent media, neither of which is air.
relative refractive index
The quantity equal to the refractive index of one medium divided by that of a second medium.
relief
The discernment of depth or apparent difference in distance that causes the object to stand out from its background because of stereoscopic vision. The impression of relief can be obtained from the...
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Photonics Dictionary
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