Photonics Dictionary

The quarter video graphics array (QVGA) is a display resolution standard used in video graphics, particularly in LCD displays, digital cameras, mobile phones, and other portable electronic devices....

A plate made of a double-refracting crystal having such a density that a phase difference of one-quarter cycle is formed between the ordinary and extraordinary elements of light passing through.

A lamp with a quartz envelope that transmits radiation generally rich in the ultraviolet.

A crystalline-quartz plate designed according to specifications but having its two major faces parallel.

A spectrograph used to detect radiation in the range of the ultraviolet in the electromagnetic spectrum. It is made up of quartz because that material, unlike regular glass, is not opaque to the...

A contraction of quasi stellar. An astronomical object that appears to be a star but has a different, larger redshift.

A type of laser diode that operates at long pulsewidths.

A laser that generates a succession of pulses at a high enough repetition rate to appear continuous. The pump source is switched on for short intervals, nominally equal to the lifetime of the...

The transform defining that, if a reference beam is a divergent spherical wavefront, then the reconstructed image will be the equivalent of the near-field diffraction pattern of the object. Also...

The first nonlinear theory in plasma physics that details the time and space evolution of plasma wave instability from a microscopic vantage point and provides an outline of the plasma in terms of...

Single wavelength source with a larger linewidth often containing multiple longitudinal modes.

Having properties resembling those of light- waves; e.g., the propagation of waves in the television spectrum.

A quasiparticle is an emergent phenomenon that occurs in many-body systems, particularly in condensed matter physics, where the collective behavior of a large number of interacting particles can be...

Made up of four elements; for instance, gadolinium, scandium, gallium and garnet (GSGG).

A qubit, short for quantum bit, is the fundamental unit of information in quantum computing and quantum information processing. Unlike classical bits, which can exist in one of two states (0 or 1),...

In the dye laser, the molecule that takes out energy from the triplet state during collisions between the dye and quencher to achieve long-pulse emission.

The inhibition or elimination of one process by another process. The stimulated emission of a laser oscillator can be quenched by a pulse of radiation of the same frequency traversing the oscillator...

The time interval of no activity occurring between each pulse during transmission.

Rabi oscillations are a fundamental phenomenon in quantum mechanics that describe the periodic and reversible exchange of energy between two quantum states when subjected to an oscillating external...

Inactive optically, but having the capacity for resolution into forms of opposed optical activity. The term is derived from racemic acid, an optically inactive, tartaric acid.

A unit of energy absorbed from ionizing radiation, equal to 100 ergs per gram of irradiated material.

The spontaneous visual presentation of radar information by electronic traces on a cathode-ray tube.

The analysis of the photographs taken from the radar display of a survey aircraft and used when recording terrain that is obscured by clouds.

An acronym for radioactive detection, identification and computation. The term refers to the detection and measurement of the intensity of emitted nuclear radiation.

The astigmatism in a lens system that results when light enters the system at an oblique angle.

An alteration in magnification from the center of the field to any point in the field, measured in a radial direction from the center of the field. Some radial distortion is inherent in most optical...

A statistical analysis of facts obtained when the intensity of x-ray diffraction is calculated at different angles. In this way, the interatomic distances of gases and liquids can be deduced, with...

In gradient index optics, a gradient profile in which the index varies in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis. Radial gradient lenses can focus light even when the lens surfaces are flat,...

A grating in which the wires or rods are set radially within a circular structure.

The deviation from the ideal case where a circular variable filter is located at a given wavelength along a radial line (or constant angle of rotation) regardless of the distance from the center of...

The velocity from object to observer, directed along the line of sight.

A reflecting optic whose reflectivity is a function of the radial distance from the optic axis; can be used to convert a Gaussian beam to one of uniform cross section.

The unit angle, within an arc of a circle, equal to the radius of the circle (180/p°, numerically).

Radiant power per unit source area per unit solid angle. Usually it is expressed in watts/m2/steradian.

Ratio of the radiance of the specimen to that of a perfect reflecting or transmitting diffuser identically irradiated.

Pertaining to electromagnetic radiation, with the contributions at all wavelengths of interest weighted equally.

The ratio of the radiant flux emitted by a source to the power supplied.

Radiant power emitted into a full sphere (4p steradians) by a unit area of a source; expressed in watts per square meter.

The energy passed on as electromagnetic radiation; e.g., radio, heat or light waves.

The radiant flux per unit area emitted from a surface.

Infrared radiation emitted from a source that is not heated sufficiently to give off visible radiation.