Meadowlark Optics - Wave Plates 6/24 LB 2024

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PI Physik Instrumente - Microscope Stages HP ROS 11/24

8,726 terms

Photonics Dictionary

peripheral response

In a charge-coupled device, the detection of charge collected by the transport register rather than by the image-sensing elements.

peripheral vision

The ability to see over large angles of view.

periplan eyepiece

A well-corrected flat-field eyepiece with good eye relief. Similar to a Huygenian.

periscope

An optical instrument designed to displace the line of sight in a vertical direction. For submarines and other military uses the periscope is a long tube containing prisms at both ends and...

periscopic lens

Two simple meniscus lenses arranged symmetrically on either side of the aperture stop, providing reduced coma, lateral color and distortion.

permanent magnetic focusing

The focusing of an electron beam by a magnetic field that permanently retains the majority of its magnetic properties.

permeability

Typically represented by the Greek letter μ, magnetic permeability is the measure of a material's ability to generate and sustain a magnetic field within itself when an external magnetic field is...

permittivity -> dielectric constant

A number that indicates the magnitude of the shift in a solid of positive and negative charges in opposite directions when a voltage is applied across the solid.

perovskite

The term perovskite refers to a specific crystal structure commonly found in various materials. Perovskite structures have a cubic arrangement of oxygen ions, forming a framework within which other...

perpendicular -> normal

Sometimes referred to as the surface normal or 'surface norm'; the normal is an axis that forms right angles with a surface that light is incident upon or with other lines. The normal is used to...

perspective distortion

The distortion that is the result of viewing a print from a point other than the center of perspective. The center of perspective is that viewpoint at which the angular subtenses of points in the...

PES

photoelectric scanner

PET

pulse energy thermography; positron emission tomography

peta

In the SI system, prefix meaning 1015.

petrographic microscope

A microscope equipped with a polarizer, an analyzer and a Bertrand lens to focus on the upper focal plane of the objective. It is used chiefly by mineralogists and crystallographers for...

petrographic specimen preparation

The grinding and polishing of rock samples, to a thickness of less than 0.05 mm, for study with petrographic microscopes. When mounted on a slide and protected with a cover, these samples, examined...

petrography

The study of and classification of rocks.

Petzval lens

A high-speed, narrow-field lens consisting of two achromats spaced about the aperture stop. Its uses include portrait photography and motion picture projection.

Petzval surface

A paraboloidal surface on which the image is located when there is no astigmatism.

picofarad

PFC

point focusing and centering

PFE

photoferroelectric

PFM

piezoresponse force microscopy; pulse frequency modulation

PFN

pulse forming network

PGA

professional graphics adapter

PGD

planar gas discharge

PHA

pulse height analyzer

phage

A phage, short for bacteriophage, is a type of virus that infects and replicates within bacteria. Phages are composed of genetic material (either DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat. They are...

PHAROS

phased-array optical scanner

pharyngoscope

An optical system used to examine the pharynx.

phase

In optics and photonics, "phase" refers to a property of electromagnetic waves, such as light, that describes the position of a wave at a given point in time within its oscillation cycle. More...

phase angle

1. The angle between two vectors that represent two simple periodic quantities that vary sinusoidally and that have the same frequency. 2. See phase.

phase annulus

A term for the ring-shaped stop in a phase contrast microscope. The phase annulus limits the amount of light that reaches the phase plate from the direction of the specimen and retards the light by a...

phase conjugation

The use of a reflective device, which can be fashioned from a variety of materials including gases, solids, dyes, aerosols, semiconductor crystals and plasmas, to replicate a laser beam by reversing...

phase constant

With respect to a traveling plane wave at a known frequency, the space rate of decrease of phase of a field component in the direction of propagation, measured in radians per unit length.

phase contrast microscopy

Phase contrast microscopy is an optical microscopy technique that enhances the contrast of transparent and colorless specimens, making it possible to visualize fine details and internal structures...

phase distrortion

Phase distortion refers to a change in the phase relationships between different frequency components of a signal. In the context of signal processing, it occurs when the phase response of a system...

phase hologram

A hologram that is formed on a recording medium by changing the phase of the illuminating wave in correspondence with the recording exposure. It may be formed by contact printing onto a resist...

phase mask

In optics and photolithography, a phase mask refers to a device that modifies the phase of light waves passing through it. The phase mask is used to control the spatial distribution of the light's...

phase matching

Phase matching is a crucial concept in the field of optics, particularly in nonlinear optics and the generation of coherent light. It refers to the condition where the phases of two or more waves,...

phase position -> phase angle

1. The angle between two vectors that represent two simple periodic quantities that vary sinusoidally and that have the same frequency. 2. See phase.

phase screen

A phase screen, in the context of optics and wave optics, refers to a surface or medium that introduces a phase delay to an incident wavefront passing through it. This concept is often used in the...

phase separation -> leaching

The process of removing some of the constituents of a glass surface by chemical action.

phase shifting

A technique used to generate a phase shift between reference and sample light beams. The phase shift can be performed through the use of a mirror that is moved along the optic axis by a piezoelectric...

phase transfer function

The determination of the relative phase shift of an image as a function of frequency. A phase change of 180° with respect to the object results in an image with the black and white areas...

phase translation

The propagation or hindrance of waves reaching each aperture of the interferometer because of atmospheric turbulence.

phase velocity

For a particular mode in a waveguide, the ratio of the angular frequency to constant phase.

phase-change optical disc

An erasable data recording and storage medium that uses a laser to heat the crystalline surface of the disc to a certain temperature, at which it becomes amorphous and records a bit of information;...

phase-contrast generation

Microscopy technique to convert the phase structure of the wave transmitted or reflected by the specimen into a corresponding intensity structure in the image plane.

phase-contrast microscope

A microscope that has an annular stop in the lower focal plane of the condenser, and a quarter-wave retarding and absorbing ring in the upper focal plane of the objective that just fills the image of...

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